Walking Stick Bugs: Nature’s Camouflaged Marvels Revealed

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The walking stick bug is a fascinating insect that mimics its natural background to blend in seamlessly with its surroundings. These slender creatures, also known as walking sticks or stick insects, boast six spindly legs and two long, thin antennae, making them easily recognizable even though they’re masters of camouflage.

You may not come across walking stick bugs often due to their effective disguises, but they are a diverse group of insects. The most common species in North America includes the northern walkingstick, which reaches lengths of up to 4 inches. In contrast, the giant walking stick is the largest insect in North America with females growing as long as 7 inches.

These intriguing insects not only vary in size but also in color – from brown, tan, or gray, to green, their twig-like appearance is an excellent adaptation to stay hidden from predators. With every careful step they take, walking stick bugs never fail to pique our curiosity and admiration for their incredible natural camouflage.

General Description

In this section, we’ll provide a brief overview of the walking stick bug’s main features.

Color and Size

Walking stick bugs exhibit a range of colors, including shades of green and brown. These colors serve as natural camouflage, helping them blend in with their surroundings. Their sizes can vary greatly, ranging from 0.46 to 12.9 inches in length, making them among the longest insects in the world.

Legs and Antennae

These remarkable creatures have elongated, slender legs and antennae that resemble the twigs and branches they inhabit. All six legs are roughly the same length, adding to their stick-like appearance.

Examples of walking stick species include:

  • Northern walkingstick (Diapheromera femorata), very slender and common in Missouri 1
  • Twostriped walkingstick (Anisomorpha buprestoides), a large, stout phasmid with three conspicuous longitudinal black stripes 2

Wings and Spines

Many walking stick species are wingless or have small, vestigial wings. However, some tropical species do have functional wings that allow them to glide or fly short distances. Walking sticks don’t typically have spines, opting instead for their unique camouflage methods to keep them hidden from predators.

In summary, walking stick bugs are fascinating insects known for their incredible camouflage and twig-like appearance. Their unique features – ranging from their different colors and sizes to their elongated legs and antennae – make them truly remarkable creatures.

Species

There are several species of walking stick bugs, which belong to the order Phasmatodea, also known as Phasmida. These insects are known for their remarkable camouflage resembling twigs or branches.

One common species found in North America is the Northern Walkingstick (Diapheromera femorata). It’s a slender insect, measuring about 3.5 to 4 inches in length. This species is entirely wingless, making them easy to spot on the ground.

Another notable species is the Phobaeticus kirbyi, which is among the longest insects in the world. Found in the Oriental region, some of these giants can reach up to 12 inches in length. Unlike the Northern Walkingstick, many tropical species have wings as adults.

Here are some key features of walking stick bugs:

  • Long, slender bodies and legs, resembling twigs or branches
  • Perfectly camouflaged in brown, tan, gray, or green colors
  • Winglessness in some species, while others may have wings
  • Can be found in diverse habitats, ranging from North America to Southeast Asia

When comparing these two species, the Northern Walkingstick and the Phobaeticus kirbyi, you’ll notice a few differences:

Feature Northern Walkingstick Phobaeticus kirbyi
Size 3.5 – 4 inches Up to 12 inches
Wings Wingless Wings in some
Habitat North America Oriental region

In conclusion, walking stick bugs are fascinating insects that showcase a wide range of sizes and characteristics depending on their species. While some, like the Northern Walkingstick, are smaller and wingless, others like the Phobaeticus kirbyi can grow quite large and possess wings.

Habitat and Range

North American Habitats

In North America, walking stick bugs typically inhabit forests, especially those with an abundance of oak trees. They are well-camouflaged and can easily blend in with the surrounding vegetation, making them difficult to spot. These insects thrive in areas like the Midwest, where you can find species such as the northern walkingstick, as well as the Southeast, where the twostriped walkingstick is more common.

To give you an idea of their preferred habitat:

  • Dense foliage
  • Presence of oak trees
  • Temperate and tropical regions

Borneo and the Tropics

As we move to the tropics, the number of walking stick bug species increases significantly, with Borneo being a hotbed of diversity. In total, there are around 2,500 species worldwide, but only a few are found in North America, while the majority reside in more tropical regions like Borneo.

Some of the traits of their habitats in Borneo and the tropics:

  • High biodiversity
  • Warm temperatures
  • Lush greenery in rainforests

It’s important to note that these insects have adapted to their respective habitats, which contribute to their unique appearances and characteristics, such as color variations and distinctive markings. So, as you explore forests and appreciate the rich biodiversity of habitats in North America or Borneo, keep an eye out for these fascinating walking stick bugs.

Behavior and Lifestyle

Camouflage Tactics

The walking stick bug is an expert at blending in with its surroundings. The insect’s elongated, twig-like body is a perfect adaptation for camouflage in its natural habitat, as it can mimic tree branches and leaves. For instance, the twostriped walkingstick has three black stripes that run along its brown body, making it nearly invisible among tree branches.

Regeneration

One incredible feature of walking stick bugs is their ability to regenerate lost limbs. If the insect loses a leg, it can grow a new one during its next molting phase. This fantastic regeneration ability helps them survive in their environment where predators might try to catch them by their legs.

Regenerating Lost in Walking Stick Bugs:

  • Only occurs during the molting process
  • Helps them survive in a predator-rich environment

Nocturnal Movements

Walking stick bugs are nocturnal creatures, which means they are most active during nighttime hours. Being active at night adds an extra layer of protection to their already excellent camouflage capabilities. Nocturnal movement also allows them to avoid predators that are more active during the day. So, remember that if you are looking for walking stick bugs, your best chance of seeing them is after the sun goes down.

Nocturnal Habits of Walking Stick Bugs:

  • Active during the night
  • Adds extra protection to their camouflage
  • Helps avoid daytime predators

Diet

Walking stick bugs, like the twostriped walkingstick, are herbivores that primarily feed on leaves and twigs. Their diet consists mainly of foliage from trees and shrubs, making them an essential part of the ecosystem.

You might find them munching on a variety of plant leaves, such as oak, citrus, and rose leaves. Since walking stick bugs are herbivores, you won’t have to worry about them eating other insects or causing harm to fellow creatures in their habitat.

  • Leaves: These herbivores enjoy feasting on different types of leaves, including those from oak, citrus, and rose plants.
  • Twigs: Twigs and stems can provide additional nourishment to walking stick bugs while they graze on foliage.

It’s important to know that walking stick bugs can be selective eaters, which means they might eat specific types of vegetation. Understanding their dietary needs and preferences can help you better appreciate these unique insects and the role they play in nature.

Reproduction and Lifespan

Egg-Laying and Overwintering

Walking stick bugs lay their eggs in the fall. The eggs are scattered on the ground and end up in the leaf litter. This provides them with a hidden and protective environment during the winter months. Overwintering is a crucial stage in their life cycle, as it helps the eggs survive harsh conditions.

3-Year Life Cycle

The lifespan of the walking stick bug typically follows a 3-year cycle. This consists of the egg stage, nymph stage, and adult stage. During the nymph stage, they shed their skin multiple times before reaching maturity. Once they reach the adult stage, walking stick bugs reproduce and eventually start the cycle again.

Parthenogenetic Reproduction

Some walking stick species, like the Northern Walkingstick (Diapheromera femorata), are capable of a unique method of reproduction called parthenogenesis. In this process, females produce offspring without the need for males or fertilization. This allows these species to thrive even in situations where mating opportunities might be limited.

So, as you can see, the walking stick bug’s reproduction and lifespan have unique aspects when it comes to egg-laying, overwintering, and parthenogenetic reproduction.

Predators

Walking stick bugs, also known as stick insects, have their fair share of predators. Here, we’ll discuss some of the common predators that pose a threat to these fascinating insects.

Birds: Birds, such as vultures, eagles, and falcons, often prey on walking stick bugs. With their keen eyesight, they spot these camouflaged insects and snatch them up in their beaks or talons. Keep an eye on the skies if you’re observing walking stick bugs in the wild.

Bats: Bats are also natural predators of walking stick bugs. Using echolocation, they can detect the insects at night, even when they’re well-camouflaged among the foliage. Bats typically swoop down and catch the bugs in mid-air.

Mantises: Another intriguing predator of walking stick bugs is the praying mantis. These stealthy hunters are known for their patience and accuracy. Mantises rely on their incredible camouflage skills and fast reflexes to capture unsuspecting walking stick bugs.

Now, to summarize the main predators of walking stick bugs:

  • Birds
  • Bats
  • Mantises

Each of these predators poses a different threat to walking stick bugs, utilizing unique hunting techniques. Remember that walking stick bugs’ natural defense is their extraordinary camouflage, which helps them blend in and evade predators. However, these predators have developed their own methods to overcome this defense and prey on walking stick bugs, making them a part of the natural balance in the insect world.

Stick Insects in the Pet Trade

Walking stick bugs, also known as stick insects, have become increasingly popular in the pet trade. Stick insects’ unique appearance and intriguing behaviors make them an attractive choice for those looking for unconventional pets.

Choosing Your Stick Insect

When selecting a stick insect for your pet, it’s essential to consider:

  • Size: Stick insects can range from 2 2/3 to 4 inches long. Be prepared to accommodate their size and anticipate growth.
  • Appearance: Their color varies from brown to green, which can impact their visibility and ease of care.
  • Preferred habitat: Stick insects thrive in environments that mimic their natural surroundings. Make sure you can replicate this in your home.

Caring for Your Stick Insect

Proper stick insect care involves:

  • Feeding: Stick insects primarily feed on leaves from hardwood trees, particularly oaks.
  • Housing: A well-ventilated enclosure with ample space for movement and foliage for camouflage.
  • Handling: Handle with care, since their delicate bodies can be easily damaged.

Pros and Cons of Stick Insects as Pets

Before deciding on a stick insect, consider the following:

Pros:

  • Low maintenance: Stick insects require little attention, as they mostly need fresh leaves for food and a clean enclosure.
  • Unique appearance: Their twig-like bodies make for an interesting conversation starter and a visually stunning exhibit.

Cons:

  • Fragility: Stick insects’ slender build can be easily damaged if not handled with care.
  • Limited interaction: Their preference for camouflage and lack of social behaviors may not provide as much engagement for pet owners used to more interactive animals.

Overall, if you’re searching for a low-maintenance, fascinating pet with a unique appearance, a stick insect may be the perfect addition to your home. Just be prepared to offer the proper care, and keep in mind their inherent fragility and limited interaction.

Footnotes

  1. https://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/walkingsticks-stick-insects ↩
  2. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/walkingstick.htm ↩

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Authors

  • Bugman

    Bugman aka Daniel Marlos has been identifying bugs since 1999. whatsthatbug.com is his passion project and it has helped millions of readers identify the bug that has been bugging them for over two decades. You can reach out to him through our Contact Page.

    View all posts
  • Piyushi is a nature lover, blogger and traveler at heart. She lives in beautiful Canada with her family. Piyushi is an animal lover and loves to write about all creatures.

    View all posts
Tags: Walking Stick

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28 Comments. Leave new

  • this phasmid from Hawaii is Sipyloidea sipylus.
    This species is not native to Hawaii, but to south east asia (like
    Malayisa for example). But it has been introduces to several new
    locations, like Madagascar and seemingly Hawaii

    Reply
  • yankeeinparadise
    May 3, 2009 2:25 pm

    Aloha! We live on Kauai. Last night we discovered a walking stick on the side of our Toyota Highlander. My daughter placed it in a jar. I’ll take a picture of it. As I “google” around the WEB I notice by the dates of the search, the Big Island got it first, then Maui, and now Kauai. Interesting. It’s a real world traveler. Looks like the bug in the first Men in Black.

    Reply
  • I considered Diapheromera femorata, but the two specimens I have found have really short antennae, not “2/3 length of body” that Bug Guide states.

    Reply
  • Hi G. Lee. I am a big fan of stickinsects and I am very curious about the ones you found at your place. I wondered if you could send me a bunch to Manila if I compensate you for your effort.

    My website: http://www.dont-touch-my.com/phasmid.list.shtml

    Thanks

    Andy

    Reply
  • I looked at all photos of orthomerias and none of them seem to have the distinctive red wings. O. Pandora males have yellow wings. Unless it belongs to a different genus, I believe it could be a new species. I hope he hasn’t sprayed it with insecticide. Those things need to be studied.

    Reply
    • Thanks for your perspective on this matter. Even if they were not a new species, we would frown on the use of insecticides which never seem to target only a single species.

      Reply
  • Absolutely. That goes without saying. I know a few phasmid enthusiasts here in the Philippines who have asked him to send them some samples but have not gotten anything from him. I hope anyone else who has seen these possibly new phasmid up close posts about it.

    Reply
  • What does pink winged walking stick feed on. The literature says blackberry leaves, but there are no blackberries anywhere nearby my location. I’m assuming it has been feeding on other plants.

    Reply
  • We just found a baby Walking Stick bug in our yard in Kilauea on Kauai. We kept it under glass overnight and it molted. I read up on it and discovered that Stick bugs molt multiple times as they grow to adult.

    Reply
  • So there is still no definite name for this stick yet? I have also seen these during my last two visits in remotes of Ifugao province. These species emits foul pungent odor, maybe as defense. Local folks also considered it as pest in their ricefields. I’m interested for its name as I labeled it as “Unknown Spotting” at Project Noah.

    http://www.projectnoah.org/spottings/1102896005

    Reply
  • So there is still no definite name for this stick yet? I have also seen these during my last two visits in remotes of Ifugao province. These species emits foul pungent odor, maybe as defense. Local folks also considered it as pest in their ricefields. I’m interested for its name as I labeled it as “Unknown Spotting” at Project Noah.

    http://www.projectnoah.org/spottings/1102896005

    Reply
  • Dear Dr. Aaron T. Dossey,

    I’ve been to Ifugao Province lately and had these stick on my hands. yes they emit a pungent odor maybe as their defense and its fairly annoying. If you are still interested to do your research, i might be of help if you still need it as we are going to have our regular annual outreach program to remote places of Ifugao. Or better yet, we can set travel to address your concern. My last visit was October 6, 2014 where I got a couple species of this walking sticks. I’m also much interested for the proper identification as I just labeled it as “Unknown Spotting” at Project Noah.

    http://www.projectnoah.org/spottings/1102896005

    and another specie, which i’ve only photographed and haven’t handled it, so i cant just assume that it vents chemicals…

    http://www.projectnoah.org/spottings/1086206010

    my Email
    kdon.galay@icloud.com
    kdon.galay@gmail.com

    Reply
  • Dear Dr. Aaron T. Dossey,

    I’ve been to Ifugao Province lately and had these stick on my hands. yes they emit a pungent odor maybe as their defense and its fairly annoying. If you are still interested to do your research, i might be of help if you still need it as we are going to have our regular annual outreach program to remote places of Ifugao. Or better yet, we can set travel to address your concern. My last visit was October 6, 2014 where I got a couple species of this walking sticks. I’m also much interested for the proper identification as I just labeled it as “Unknown Spotting” at Project Noah.

    http://www.projectnoah.org/spottings/1102896005

    and another specie, which i’ve only photographed and haven’t handled it, so i cant just assume that it vents chemicals…

    http://www.projectnoah.org/spottings/1086206010

    my Email
    kdon.galay@icloud.com
    kdon.galay@gmail.com

    Reply
  • this is an adult male of Epidares nolimetangere. I assume that you found this one on Borneo, as they are not known from Peninsular Malaysia

    Reply
  • I´m very interested in this insects ( Orthomeria sp Benquet), especially which plants they eat. In the internet I found the information that they were fed with
    pyracantha and/or neetles, but on the pictures are leaves of other trees. What are the names of these plants?

    Reply
  • I´m very interested in this insects ( Orthomeria sp Benquet), especially which plants they eat. In the internet I found the information that they were fed with
    pyracantha and/or neetles, but on the pictures are leaves of other trees. What are the names of these plants?

    Reply
  • Just found a seemingly similar type of insect to the first picture outside my house, this is on Oahu. It doesn’t seem to be endemic to Hawaii from what I have read.

    Reply
  • I find these a lot in my garden in Guatemala. Looks like a cross between a scorpion and a cricket. Haven’t been able to find an accurate identification yet.

    Reply
  • I just found one outside my front door in Guatemala and found the curled tail strange. But I found this post and it’s exactly like the picture above.

    Reply
  • I live in Moanalua Valley on Oahu and just found a walking stick behind our house. Fascinating that my research says this bug isn’t supposed to be here. With so few sightings I wish I had kept it. I let it go in some shrubs to keep the ants away from it. Will keep an eye out for more.

    Reply
  • Pedro Alvaro
    August 6, 2017 2:26 pm

    These are Orthomeria kangi, recently described species, it was still a new species by the time the pics were posted 🙂

    Reply
  • Maybe it’s Woot.

    Reply
  • Charlyce Estes
    August 5, 2018 7:52 pm

    I just found one on my kitchen window this morning – still there – and was amazed since I have never seen one in this area . I live in Pacific Grove, CA. I thought maybe it would eat some kind of pine because it looks so much like a bundle of pine needles. There are none of the plants you mentioned in this immediate area.

    Reply
  • One of them came in from my garden in Ahualoa on on some amaranth leaves, the leaves had large holes from being chewed on by something so perhaps the stick insect was eating them. When I put it outside it played dead, catatonic.

    Reply
  • Just saw one at my home in Nuuanu, Oahu. Never seen one before

    Reply
  • Adrienne Epifano
    November 9, 2019 12:30 pm

    We just found our first on the window this morning in Haiku. We’ve never seen them here before. Are these something that going to take over?

    Reply
  • I live on Oahu-the species escaped from university of Hawaii many years ago-it is from Madagascar-I live on Oahu high up on the mountains-they come out at night and eat my roses-you have to be careful they spay a neurotoxin and my sons leg went numb

    Reply

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