Spiders are fascinating creatures often found in and around our homes. Two common types of spiders that you may come across are the parson spider and the wolf spider. While both spiders have distinctive features and behaviors, they are often mistaken for each other by homeowners and nature enthusiasts alike.
The parson spider is a relatively small and hairy arachnid with a unique white dorsal pattern on its abdomen, which resembles a clerical collar, earning it its name. On the other hand, wolf spiders can be larger, ranging from 1/2 inch to 2 inches in length. They are typically brown, black, gray, or yellow with various markings, and do not have the distinctive pattern found on the parson spider’s abdomen.
One main difference between these two spiders is their method of hunting. Wolf spiders are athletic hunters that run down their prey, as opposed to spinning webs. In contrast, the hunting methods of parson spiders are less well-known, but they are usually found within human dwellings. As we delve further into the world of these fascinating creatures, we will compare and contrast their characteristics and behaviors to better understand the roles they play in their respective ecosystems.
Parson Spider vs Wolf Spider: Overview
Parson Spider Overview
The Parson Spider (Herpyllus ecclesiasticus) is a hairy species with a distinct appearance. Key features include:
- Flat-lying black hairs on cephalothorax
- Gray hairs on the abdomen
- Chestnut brown exoskeleton
- White dorsal pattern resembling a clerical collar
Wolf Spider Overview
Wolf Spiders are typically brown or gray with markings. Some characteristics of wolf spiders are:
- Size ranges from 1/2 inch to 2 inches long
- Hairy appearance
- Mothers carry egg sacs and spiderlings on their back
- Fast-moving, typically seen running on the ground
Below is a comparison table highlighting the differences between parson spiders and wolf spiders:
| Feature | Parson Spider | Wolf Spider |
|---|---|---|
| Size | Smaller than wolf spiders | 1/2 inch to 2 inches long |
| Color/Markings | Black and gray hairs | Brown or gray, various markings |
| Unique Characteristics | White dorsal pattern | Mothers carry egg sacs and spiderlings |
| Movement/Behavior | Not mentioned in the sources | Fast-moving on the ground |
While both spiders are unique species, the Parson Spider’s distinct appearance sets it apart from the Wolf Spider. On the other hand, Wolf Spiders exhibit more extensive parental care and are known for their speed and agility on the ground.
Physical Characteristics
Size and Appearance
- Parson Spider: The Parson Spider is a fairly hairy spider with a relatively small size, its exoskeleton appearing chestnut brown.
- Wolf Spider: Wolf Spiders are typically larger in size, ranging from 1/2 inch to 2 inches in length, and have a more robust appearance.
Color and Markings
- Parson Spider: This spider has flat-lying black hairs on its cephalothorax and gray hairs on its abdomen. It has a distinctive white dorsal pattern on its abdomen, resembling a clerical collar.
- Wolf Spider: These spiders come in colors from brown to gray, usually adorned with various markings or lines.
Eye Arrangement
- Parson Spider: The eye arrangement of the Parson spider is not specifically mentioned in the provided search results.
- Wolf Spider: Wolf Spiders have a unique eye arrangement, with their eyes arranged in three rows, making them easily recognizable when compared to other spiders.
| Feature | Parson Spider | Wolf Spider |
|---|---|---|
| Size | Smaller, with a chestnut brown exoskeleton | 1/2 inch to 2 inches long |
| Color and Markings | Black and gray hairs, distinctive white pattern | Brown or gray, various markings or lines |
| Eye Arrangement | Not mentioned | Unique with three rows of eyes |
These spiders can be easily differentiated based on their size, color, markings, and eye arrangement. Their unique physical traits allow for easy identification when comparing the two species.
Legs and Movement
Parson Spider Legs and Tarsal Claws
The Parson spider has distinctive legs with a chestnut brown exoskeleton. Its limbs are jointed, allowing for easy movement. One key feature is their tarsal claws, which help them grip surfaces and efficiently move around.
- Legspan: Varies depending on the individual
- Morphology: Hairy, with flat-lying black hairs on the cephalothorax and gray hairs on the abdomen
Wolf Spider Legs and Speed
Wolf spiders are known for their athleticism and speed. They possess long legs that enable them to effectively run down their prey.
- Legspan: Ranges from 1/2 inch to 2 inches
- Morphology: Long legs, usually gray, brown, black, or tan with dark brown or black body markings
Here is a comparison table of their features:
| Feature | Parson Spider | Wolf Spider |
|---|---|---|
| Legs | Jointed, chestnut brown | Long, athletic |
| Tarsal Claws | Aid in gripping surfaces | Not specified |
| Legspan | Variable | 1/2 inch to 2 inches |
| Morphology | Hairy body, distinctive | Gray, brown, black or tan |
| Movement | Efficient | Fast, skilled at running down prey |
Overall, both Parson and Wolf spiders have unique leg and movement characteristics. While the Parson spider’s legs and tarsal claws provide efficiency and grip, the Wolf spider’s long legs enable speed and athleticism for hunting prey.
Family and Species Information
Gnaphosidae Family
The Gnaphosidae family includes the Parson Spider, known by its scientific name Herpyllus ecclesiasticus. The Parson Spider is characterized by its flat-lying black and gray hairs as well as a distinctive white dorsal pattern on its abdomen resembling a clerical collar 1.
Lycosidae Family
In contrast, the Lycosidae family consists of Wolf Spiders, which are typically 1/2 inch to 2 inches long and covered in brown to gray hairs 2. They carry their egg sacs with them and are not poisonous 2.
Eastern Parson Spider
A key example of a Parson Spider is the Eastern Parson Spider. This species sports the characteristic white dorsal pattern on its abdomen and is part of the Gnaphosidae family 1.
Hogna Carolinensis
An example of a prominent Wolf Spider is Hogna Carolinensis, which belongs to the Lycosidae family. It is among the largest and most commonly found Wolf Spiders in the United States 3.
Comparison Table:
| Feature | Eastern Parson Spider | Hogna Carolinensis |
|---|---|---|
| Family | Gnaphosidae | Lycosidae |
| Size | Smaller than Wolf Spiders | 1/2 inch to 2 inches |
| Color | Black and gray hairs | Brown to gray hairs |
| Abdomen Pattern | White dorsal pattern | Contrasting spots/stripes |
| Poisonous | Information not available | Not poisonous |
| Notable Characteristics | Clerical collar-like pattern | Egg sac carrying |
Reproduction and Lifespan
Female Spiders and Egg Sac
Parson Spider: The female Parson spider carries her egg sac attached to her spinnerets until the spiderlings are ready to emerge.
Wolf Spider: The female Wolf spider carries her egg sac behind her, also attached to her spinnerets. When the spiderlings are ready to hatch, they climb onto their mother’s back.
| Spider Type | Egg Sac Carrying Method |
|---|---|
| Parson Spider | Attached to spinnerets |
| Wolf Spider | Behind, attached to spinnerets |
Young Spiders and Spiderlings
Parson Spider: Parson spider young emerge from the egg sac, ready to begin life independently.
Wolf Spider: Wolf spider spiderlings stay on their mother’s back until they are partially grown, at which point they disperse to live independently.
- Parson spider: no mother-spiderling bonding
- Wolf spider: spiderlings ride on mother’s back
Wolf spiders typically have longer lifespans than Parson spiders. However, both species face various challenges in their environment, which can impact their survival and overall lifespan.
Habitat and Hunting Behavior
Locations and Habitats
Parson Spiders:
- Found in the USA and Canada
- Habitats: under rocks, leaves, and wood
Wolf Spiders:
- Widespread in the USA and Canada
- Habitats: moist areas, grasslands, and forests
Example: Parson spiders are commonly found under rocks and leaves in yards, while wolf spiders might be seen near water sources or grassy areas.
Hunting and Prey
Parson Spiders:
- Hunting: active hunters, no webs
- Prey: small insects
Wolf Spiders:
- Hunting: active hunters, no webs
- Prey: small insects, sometimes other spiders
Example: Both Parson and wolf spiders actively hunt for prey instead of using webs to catch their food.
| Spider | Locations | Habitats | Hunting | Prey |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parson | USA and Canada | Under rocks, leaves, wood | Active, no webs | Small insects |
| Wolf | USA and Canada | Moist areas, grasslands, forests | Active, no webs | Small insects, sometimes other spiders |
Seasonal changes:
- In the fall and winter, both spider species may seek shelter in human structures due to colder temperatures.
Example: During colder months, both Parson and wolf spiders may be found in basements or garages, seeking warmth.
Identifying Parson and Wolf Spiders
Distinct Features
Parson Spider:
- Cephalothorax with a chestnut brown exoskeleton
- White “cravat” or neckband pattern on gray abdomen, resembling clergy attire
- Small white spot above spinnerets1
Wolf Spider:
- 1/2 inch to 2 inches long, hairy, brown to gray with markings or lines2
- Mother spiders carry egg sacs and spiderlings on their back2
Example of a comparison table:
| Feature | Parson Spider | Wolf Spider |
|---|---|---|
| Size | Smaller | 1/2 inch to 2 inches |
| Color | Chestnut brown and gray | Brown to gray |
| Pattern | White “cravat” on abdomen | Markings or lines |
Common Misconceptions
- People often confuse parson spiders with brown recluses or black widows, but they’re not venomous like their lookalikes1.
- Similarly, wolf spiders are often mistaken for brown recluses, but wolf spiders are not poisonous and their bites, although painful, usually only cause localized swelling2.
Pros and cons of parson spiders:
Pros:
- Non-venomous and not harmful to humans1
Cons:
- Their presence might cause alarm due to similarities with venomous spiders1
Pros and cons of wolf spiders:
Pros:
- Not poisonous; bites are generally not dangerous2
Cons:
- Bite can cause pain and localized swelling2
Venom and Human Interaction
Venomous Spiders
Parson spiders and wolf spiders are both venomous. However:
- Parson spiders possess a venom that may cause mild reactions in humans.
- Wolf spiders’ venom generally does not cause severe symptoms in humans.
Comparison of Venomous Spiders:
| Spider | Venom Potency | Human Reaction |
|---|---|---|
| Parson Spider | Mild | Mild Reaction |
| Wolf Spider | Mild | Mild Reaction |
Allergic Reactions
Although the venom from these spiders is usually not dangerous, some individuals may experience allergic reactions. Symptoms of such allergic reactions can include:
- Swelling
- Redness
- Rash
- Itching
Safety Measures
To avoid spider bites:
- Be cautious when moving items in dark, cluttered spaces (e.g., garages) where spiders may be hiding
- Wear gloves when handling outdoor objects
- Seal cracks in your home’s foundation to prevent spiders from entering
By identifying venomous spiders and being aware of their habitats, you can reduce the risk of bites and allergic reactions.
Footnotes
18 Comments. Leave new
Thank you! I find these sometimes in my house in VA, and have never been able to figure out what kind they are. So glad to finally know. And yes, I save them all. I do NOT kill spiders! 🙂
How nice to know that Unnecessary Carnage does not happen in your home.
We just found one of these spiders in our son’s room tonight. We’re in a little town called Foresthill in Northern CA. I’ve lived here since I was 5 in 1980 & have never seen one of these. My brave husband caught him in our bug vacuum & just released him outside. Hopefully he’ll stay out there.
My wife just found one in her closet. It took a while but we were finally able to I.d. it with Google’s help. Unfortunately I paniced and killed it. I had seen a brown recluse before but wasn’t sure this wasn’t one. That’s why I killed it… I also killed 22 black widows within a weeks time. And a few jumping spiders here too. Also one or two daddy long legs and several small field roaches… Bakersfield. CA
Daddy longlegs spiders eat other spiders like black widows, from what I heard. You may be killing your allies there. Also, jumping spiders are not harmful and very friendly! Please try to catch and release ♡♡♡
I captured 2 of these so far in my home Here in Bensenville, Illinois…
I just killed one of these in Wisconsin on my wall. shi y black with white. overnight i got something like a bee sting on my hand and its very red and painful so I was worried this one caused it. ive been finding immature ones like this on my kitchen counter and they are brown and extremely fast moving. this black mature one wasnt moving at all. i hope i dont find any more.
We found these around our apartment in Montreal as kids. I used to trap them in my little insect container. These spiders are very aggressive. I trapped another Comb Clawed Spider in there with it. The Comb Clawed was twice its’ size. I remember the Parson chased it and killed it in a matter of seconds.
I found a Western Parson Spider~Herpyllus propinquus ~ in Southern California, near Riverside.
Are these biters, and are they in any way poisonous or dangerous, even slightly?
This site does not condone exterminating any insects, but are so non-committal that I have to err on the side of safety until I find out with certainty.
So, if you want to save a spider’s life, tell me they’re (with certainty and authority)?
Thanks!
I found a Western Parson Spider~Herpyllus propinquus ~ in Southern California, near Riverside.
Are these biters, and are they in any way poisonous or dangerous, even slightly?
This site does not condone exterminating any insects, but are so non-committal that I have to err on the side of safety until I find out with certainty.
So, if you want to save a spider’s life, tell me they’re (with certainty and authority)?
Thanks!
To the best of our knowledge, the only problematic North American spiders are the Widow Spiders and the Recluse Spiders, and the latter are not found in California. Western Parson Spiders do have venom, and it is possible that a large individual might bite a human, but we find that unlikely. We are not entomologists, nor do we have any authoritative credentials in the sciences, so we are reluctant to make statements with certainty.
Thanks for the info, now I just need to find a way to keep them out of the house…
I just woke up and found one by my sleeping daughters head unfortunately I killed it didn’t know if it was poisonness couldn’t risk it
I think there is one of these living above my front door, in San Diego – it hides when I open the door, but otherwise just hangs out up there. Ordinarily, I am scared to death of spiders, but I’ve let this one be since, frankly, it’s not inside the house, and it seems rather harmless and a little shy. I base my assumptions on the white markings on the abdomen, and the fact that the legs look very similar, as well – I haven’t gotten too close, to be honest 🙂
By the sound of it staying in one place like that, maybe it could be a noble false widow. I have one in my bathroom window above the shower. She’s lovely and keeps to herself and catches flies for me. She’s not dangerous, I looked it up. Sometimes if I stand on the edge of the shower to peek at her she hides in the corner of the window.
I’m in southeastern New Hamshire. I had never seen this spider before so had to look it up. I found it floating , alive, in a plastic thermal tumbler of sugar-free Fruit Punch left on the counter overnight. I was shocked by it size and that it must’ve crawled through the small straw-hole in the cover.
I just found an inch long Parsons spider on the wall by my bed. Caught it carefully with a jar (as is our family’s habit) and took a moment to identify because of it’s beautiful markings. About a week ago I got a itchy spider bite on my thigh that created a slightly pink 5 inch ring around it that went away fairly quickly. Most likely it was a bite from this one and I’m kinda happy that won’t reoccur. The spider will get placed across the street or in the fields away from others. We almost never kill spiders. All my kids have been taught to catch them carefully with jars and to put them outside. We just sneak up on them, place the jar and carefully slide a thin but strong type of paper underneath that is held on top of the jar until you get the lid on or you can just hold the paper firmly on while transporting the spider. Glossy ad flyers or thicker brochures are good. We try to be careful to not harm the spiders legs while sliding the paper between the floor or wall and the top of the jar. We use drinking glasses as well and enjoy looking at the spider getting to know it a bit before releasing it.
Thanks for the helpful tip on removing Spider (and other small arthropods) from the home in a manner that protects both the spider and the human. Daniel recommends a martini glass.