Flower beetles play a vital role in the pollination process, ensuring the reproduction and survival of many plant species. These fascinating insects belong to the scarab family and are essential pollinators for ancient species like magnolias and spicebush. As they feed on flower petals and other floral parts, they inadvertently spread pollen from one flower to another, boosting pollination rates.
One example of a flower beetle is the Bumble Flower Beetle, which is characterized by yellowish-brown or cinnamon-colored outer wings with irregular rows of small black spots. These beetles have a unique densely hairy head, thorax, and underside of their body. They are relatively small, measuring about 0.5-0.6 inches in length and 0.3-0.4 inches wide.
It’s important to note that not all beetles are beneficial to plants. For instance, the Viburnum Leaf Beetle is an invasive species that can cause significant damage to Viburnum species. However, the focus of this article remains on the positive aspects and fascinating features of flower beetles that contribute to the overall health and diversity of our ecosystem.
Flower Beetle Biology
Taxonomy and Classification
Flower beetles belong to the order Coleoptera, which consists of various beetle species. Specifically, they are part of the family Scarabaeidae. An example of a flower beetle, the Bumble Flower Beetle, belongs to the species Euphoria inda.
Morphology and Features
Adult flower beetles are typically 0.5-0.6 inches in length and 0.3-0.4 inches wide. They have:
- Yellowish-brown or cinnamon-colored outer wings
- Irregular rows of small black spots
- A head, thorax, and underside of the body that are densely hairy
Flower beetles also have antennae which play an important role in detecting scents and gathering information about their surroundings.
Life Cycle
The life cycle of flower beetles consists of complete metamorphosis, which includes four stages:
- Eggs: Female beetles lay eggs, usually in the soil or any protected area.
- Larvae: Hatched larvae feed on plant debris or soil organic matter, depending on the species. They have a soft, C-shaped body and are usually white or cream-colored.
- Pupa: When they reach a certain size, larvae transform into pupae. Pupation occurs in the soil or in special protective chambers created by the larvae.
- Adult: The adult beetle emerges from the pupa and starts feeding on flowers or plants, depending on the species.
| Stage | Description |
|---|---|
| Eggs | Laid in soil or protected areas |
| Larvae | Feed on plant debris or soil organic matter, C-shaped body |
| Pupa | Transformation stage, occurs in soil or protective chambers |
| Adult (Beetle) | Emerges from pupa, feeds on flowers or plants |
The overall lifespan of flower beetles depends on the species, but usually includes several weeks to months, sometimes extending up to a year, as they progress through the whole life cycle.
Habitat and Ecology
Distribution and Range
- Flower beetles are found in various regions, such as:
- North America
- Asia
- These beetles inhabit diverse habitats, including:
- Forests
- Gardens
- Fields
Their range and distribution depend on the availability of flowering plants and their preferred host plants.
Role in Pollination
- Flower beetles are crucial pollinators for:
- Ancient species: Magnolias, Spicebush
- Selected tropical flowers: Specialized Magnolias, Figs
- Their pollination method involves:
- Feeding on pollen and floral secretions
- Moving between flowers, transferring pollen
Some example interactions between beetles and plants include:
- Long horned beetle on Magnolia grandiflora
- Bumble flower beetle with various cinnamon-colored flowers
Comparing Beetle Pollinators
| Beetle Type | Main Plant | Distribution |
|---|---|---|
| Long horned | Magnolia grandiflora | Tropical |
| Bumble flower | Various flowers | North America |
Flower beetles are essential in promoting biodiversity among plant species, and their ecological role remains vital in supporting plant reproduction.
Diet and Feeding Habits
Food Sources
The Bumble Flower Beetle (BFB; Euphoria inda) primarily feeds on:
- Nectar: A sweet liquid produced by plants to attract pollinators
- Pollen: A fine powdery substance produced by plants, which plays a vital role in their reproduction
Additionally, they are known to feed on decaying fruits like:
- Apples
- Bananas
- Grapes
Occasionally, these beetles feed on sap and leaves as well.
Feeding Strategies
Bumble Flower Beetles use two main feeding strategies:
- Feeding on nectar and pollen: BFBs have a preference for nectar and pollen from flowering plants. They help in pollination as they move from one flower to another while feeding. This contributes to the lifecycle of plants.
- Feeding on decaying fruit: BFBs also act as natural decomposers, breaking down decaying fruits and helping recycle nutrients back into the soil.
| Food Source | Role in BFB’s Diet | Benefits for Ecosystem |
|---|---|---|
| Nectar & Pollen | Primary food source and attracts BFBs | Assists with pollination of plants |
| Decaying fruits | Secondary food source; nutrient recycling | Breaks down decaying matter, returning nutrients to soil |
This section covers the diet and feeding habits of the Bumble Flower Beetle, including their food sources of nectar, pollen, fruit, leaves, and sap, as well as their feeding strategies for obtaining these foods. Examples of fruits they may feed on include apples, bananas, and grapes.
Reproduction and Mating
Mating Process
Flower beetles, like many other beetle species, have a unique mating process. Males locate females and begin courting them in a specific way, quickly stroking their antennae and front pair of legs to attract the female’s attention1. Typical beetle mating occurs in the spring and early summer, when the weather conditions are favorable for their activity and reproduction1.
Egg Laying and Hatching
Once the mating process is successful, female beetles lay eggs, which will eventually hatch into baby beetles. The reproductive process varies between species, but in general, it involves the following steps2:
- Egg laying: Females lay eggs in suitable locations, such as soil or decaying plant material.
- Hatching: After a specific incubation period, the eggs hatch into larvae or grubs.
- Larval development: The larval stage is essential for growth, during which the larvae feed voraciously to store energy for metamorphosis.
- Metamorphosis: The transformation process from larva to adult beetle occurs in a pupal stage.
Here are some common characteristics of flower beetle reproduction:
- Mating process involves specific courtship rituals1.
- Eggs are laid in appropriate habitats for the species2.
- Larval development includes feeding and growth2.
- Metamorphosis from larva to adult occurs in a separate pupal stage2.
Pros of beetle reproductive process:
- Efficient for the species’ survival
- Allows for species diversity
Cons of beetle reproductive process:
- Dependent on environmental factors
- Vulnerable to predators and habitat disruption
| Reproduction features | Example species | Mating period | Egg incubation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flower beetle | – | Spring/Early summer1 | Species-dependent2 |
Pest
Flower Beetle Care and Hobbyist Interests
Captive Care
Caring for flower beetles involves providing a suitable environment with the right conditions for their grubs and adult beetles.
- Substrate: Grubs will need a substrate made of organic materials like decaying leaves, wood, or compost to thrive and develop.
- Humidity: Ensure a humidity level of 50-70% to mimic their natural environment.
- Temperature: Maintain a temperature range of 65-80°F for optimal growth.
- Sunlight: Offer indirect sunlight or a low-intensity artificial light source.
Beetle Jelly and Other Foods
Adult beetles have different dietary requirements from their larval stage, and they commonly feed on beetle jelly, a high-energy food source specially made for beetle hobbyists. Other possible food sources include:
- Ripe fruits (banana, apple, melon)
- Nectar-rich flowers
- Sugary liquids
Beware of overfeeding, as it may shorten their lifespan.
| Food Source | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|
| Beetle Jelly | High-energy, specially formulated for beetles | Store-bought or homemade, might be costly or time-intensive |
| Ripe fruits | Easily available, packed with nutrients | Some fruits might attract other insects |
| Sugary liquids | Provides energy, easy to prepare | May lead to overfeeding |
Stag Beetles and Other Pet Beetles
Stag beetles are another popular choice among beetle hobbyists. Comparing them with flower beetles:
- Stag beetles are generally larger than flower beetles.
- Stag beetles can be more aggressive, though still safe for handling.
- Both require similar captive care techniques in terms of substrate, humidity, and temperature.
Footnotes
ily.
53 Comments. Leave new
It is Endeodes insularis, see: http://bugguide.net/node/view/82376
Only this species has light brown elytra like the head, prothorax and legs.
Thanks for the correction.
We have hundreds of the Scarlet Malachite Beetle in our Titusville, Florida area. They are most certainly not rare in this area.
Thanks for letting us know.
I remember first seeing this beetle (Flower Beetle) as a child in Wittenoom W.A. (we used to call them the “Wittenoom Beetle” because of the large black “W” on the head.
I have since seen them even as far south as Southern Cross W.A. and also out in the area of Forrestania out towards Norseman. They seem to appear after prolonged heavy rains.
I videoed one of them today, we had rescued it from a tub of water and placed it on a chunk of Rock Melon, it fed off that for around about half an hour before flying off.
Thanks so much for sharing your childhood memories of the Wittenoom Beetle as well as your most recent observations.
I remember first seeing this beetle (Flower Beetle) as a child in Wittenoom W.A. (we used to call them the “Wittenoom Beetle” because of the large black “W” on the head.
I have since seen them even as far south as Southern Cross W.A. and also out in the area of Forrestania out towards Norseman. They seem to appear after prolonged heavy rains.
I videoed one of them today, we had rescued it from a tub of water and placed it on a chunk of Rock Melon, it fed off that for around about half an hour before flying off.
We find these beetles in Exmouth Western Australia every season now placed Cetoniidae family was subfamily Cetoniinae in Scarabaeidae.There seems to be slight variation in the black markings locally here too,our coloration here varies between Aqua almost blue to a light green.There are some images on our flickr stream taken over a few consecutive years that are date tagged,may help you collaborate a rough time frame when they emerge.Mark and I are both fans of your site,Great work and interesting articles.Have an awesome week end.
Thanks for the kind comment.
We have them in Massachusetts. I live on the north shore, I spotted a couple of them last year in mid spring around this time indoors and just saw another one today. Put him outside in the lavender but damaged one of his legs while trying to take him off a window screen, hopefully he makes it.
We currently have an infestation of these bugs, and live in Southern California. We are in the middle of a very serious drought. Would that have anything to do with that?
Are you certain you don’t have introduced Mediterranean Red Bugs?
Just caught one in Nova Scotia, Annapolis Valley. I still have it.
I was at my Meemaw’s house and found one
Thanks so much for this answer. Someone had posted a picture of this beetle to a Butterfly Gardening group on Facebook, and people were having trouble identifying it. I googled “Rorschach Beetle” because the pattern reminded me of a Rorschach personality test, and it brought me to this page. This site not only has great answers, it also is fun and free-associative, like a Rorschach test (if your career isn’t depending on it).
Thanks Mary,
Our editorial staff prides itself on free association.
Hi,
We also live in Exmouth and just found at least ten in our yard this morning while moving some mulch around and managed to take a few photos. I notice the grubs are quite often in my pot plants while I’m replanting. Are they ok for the garden? lovely looking beetles.
Hi,
We also live in Exmouth and just found at least ten in our yard this morning while moving some mulch around and managed to take a few photos. I notice the grubs are quite often in my pot plants while I’m replanting. Are they ok for the garden? lovely looking beetles.
Very curious infestation of what apparently are Scarlet Malachite Beetles around base siding of a mobile home in Arlington, TX. Curious what harm they cause and whether extermination is required. Thanks for info on this site to help identify and make informed decision.
We suspect you have an aggregation of Eastern Boxelder Bugs or Democrat Bugs. Winged adults are dark but unwinged nymphs are red.
I have lots on my plumbs and lilacs..seem.pretty harmless
I have never before fifteen minutes ago seen a red insect other than a black widow. The lady in the next apartment has a huge flower garden and I am starting to add to hers to extend all the way across. Redstone Arsenal is across the street. There are wetlands there. Since we moved here we have seen lots of Gods creatures: humming birds, armadillos, opposum, Redtailed hawks, dragonflies, butterflies, wasp, bees and radiant rainbows some times they are double. I am truly at home here in the city of Huntsville AL. To God be the glory.
Hello Mike,
I am an avid insect collector and would be thrilled if I could visit Your property and collect some of Your beetles. That species is native to the Southwestern United States and has recently spread to Central Florida. I would appreciate it if I could make the 1.5hr or so drive to Your location instead of the 2 day trip to Texas to collect some lol. Please let Me know, Eddie.
Hello Mike,
I am an avid insect collector and would be thrilled if I could visit Your property and collect some of Your beetles. That species is native to the Southwestern United States and has recently spread to Central Florida. I would appreciate it if I could make the 1.5hr or so drive to Your location instead of the 2 day trip to Texas to collect some lol. Please let Me know, Eddie.
Hi, I am from venezuela and I found one of this beetles in my apartment yesterday, I want to know what they eat and if they are poison or toxic.
According to BugGuide: “Adults readily come to bait.” We would recommend trying to feed ripe fruit, like bananas.
Could this possibly be a belly shot of a *Tachyporus* style Rove Beetle? That was my first thought on seeing the photo, and the hairs match up:
http://bugguide.net/node/view/88171
http://bugguide.net/node/view/919171
Sorry, I mean the family of Tachyporinae in general, which are the Crab-like Rove Beetles (some of which get into ant nests).
http://bugguide.net/node/view/31279
Not much out there on them, but I wish there was.
Could this possibly be a belly shot of a *Tachyporus* style Rove Beetle? That was my first thought on seeing the photo, and the hairs match up:
http://bugguide.net/node/view/88171
http://bugguide.net/node/view/919171
Sorry, I mean the family of Tachyporinae in general, which are the Crab-like Rove Beetles (some of which get into ant nests).
http://bugguide.net/node/view/31279
Not much out there on them, but I wish there was.
I saw one on my mulberry tree this morning here in Orlando, Florida. Beautiful beetle.
I’m pretty sure I saw one of these guys in Pittsburgh, PA. He was indoors on my desk at work and let me pick him up (very carefully because he was so tiny), and snap a couple photos of him on my finger before taking him outside. He seemed to enjoy the taste of the little bits of lotion under my nail, lol. Thanks for the id!
Living in OH, I have also seen a bunch of these beetles in my attempt to start my outdoor tomato/cucumber garden. I’m wondering what damage they are doing to my plants. Inspecting the undersides of leaves I have saw multiple blister looking spots. I’ve searched the net and haven’t come up with much info. Please leave any info about plant damage, eating habits, breeding, egg placement, or irradiation methods.
Thanks in advance!!
Living in OH, I have also seen a bunch of these beetles in my attempt to start my outdoor tomato/cucumber garden. I’m wondering what damage they are doing to my plants. Inspecting the undersides of leaves I have saw multiple blister looking spots. I’ve searched the net and haven’t come up with much info. Please leave any info about plant damage, eating habits, breeding, egg placement, or irradiation methods.
Thanks in advance!!
Found a bunch of these in my mom’s compost heap in Orlando, Florida. They seem to pupate in a mud cell.
Took pictures and videos of one in Georgia at my mom’s house
Would like more information on this bug
Found one in our house, in a rural area near Edmonton, Alberta. I had put it outside before I read that it may damage wheat!
My wife and I live in a 3rd story apartment in Lake Buena Vista, Orlando FL, and despite not having a balcony, we have a few of these Harlequin Flower Beetles rummaging around our potted indoor avocado trees. Don’t know if the beetles crawled in through the door cracks or if it came inside by way of soil for the plants. Pretty docile, haven’t seen any leaf damage.
They might have been in potting soil or if outdoor plants were brought indoors.
I found one of these beetles in my Desert Rose. Are they harmful to plants?
BugGuide does not provide any information on diet, however for members of the subfamily Cetoniinae to which it belongs, BugGuide states: “Many found on flowers, where feed on pollen.” There is no indication they are harmful to plants.
I live in Maine, USA and I didn’t see any of these in recent years but this year they are all over my windows, mating quite frequently. I had to look them up because I have never seen one before, they are quite pretty for an insect. I see that they are rare in the UK so I won’t be killing them.
Are they poisonous???
no
My son found one in the Orlando Library parking garage.
We just found one. We live in Edmonton Alberta Canada. Took some searching to identify this northern invader. My son was so excited because he thought he discovered a new species.
I have had them on my peonies for a couple of years and this year I am finding them on the irises in the same flower bed. Each year there seems to be more but just in this particular thick flower bed.
I love them! Have one right now on a fruit bag I made. They are amazingly beautiful. Not harmful— a garden Friend!
Philadlephia, PA. I found one of these beetles in my garden on my pepper plant this morning. I let it be not knowing what role it was playing in my garden.
I’m pretty sure I have one of these stuck between the pane of my window and the screen. I’m afraid of bugs, so I’m hoping it finds it’s way out, back to the wild. I took a picture of it so I could try to identify it. I live in Western Canada, it’s June.
I also want to the name of the beetles that I have. Because I cannot find them on google and I tried it so many ways but I cannot find it too. What am I supposed to do?
Hah. What a description. Matched exactly where and when I found the beetle. I came into contact with a beetle that looks exactly like the picture at night in my mulberry tree where the wood is rotting.
I found these (Scarlet Malachite Beetle) on my hibiscus plants. Are they beneficial or should I be trying to get rid of them? (I live in Phoenix, AZ)