Do Luna Moths Bite? Debunking Myths and Facts

Luna moths are known for their striking appearance, sporting a pale green hue, long tails, and large wingspan. With their unmistakable charm, it is only natural to wonder if these captivating insects pose any danger to humans. The primary concern for most people revolves around whether or not these moths can bite.

Fortunately, luna moths do not have biting mouthparts. They belong to a group of moths called Saturniidae, which also includes other large-sized moths. These creatures pose no threat to humans, as their adult stage consists of a short life span solely dedicated to breeding.

Luna Moth Overview

Appearance and Wingspan

The Luna Moth (Actias luna) is a stunning insect known for its large size and unique features. Key characteristics include:

• Lime-green wings
• Long tails on hind wings
• Eyespots on all four wings
• Wide wingspan measuring 3 to 4.5 inches

In comparison to other North American moths, the Luna Moth is significantly larger and more visually striking.

Habitat and Range

Luna Moths can be found across North America, including the United States and Canada. They prefer deciduous woodlands as their primary habitat.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of Luna Moths consists of several stages:

• Eggs laid on host plant leaves
• Larvae emerging as bright green caterpillars
• Pupation in a silk cocoon
• Fully-formed adult moth stage

The number of generations per year varies by region:

• Univoltine: one generation, found in areas like Michigan
• Bivoltine: two generations, common in the Ohio Valley
• Trivoltine: three generations, occurring in the southern United States

While Luna Moths are not considered endangered, they do face some natural challenges and changes in their habitat can impact their population. Overall, these fascinating insects are a striking addition to the insect world.

Biting and Stinging

Do Luna Moths Bite?

Luna moths, large green moths with a long tail on each hind wing and discal eyespots on both the fore and hind wings, do not bite. Adult moths and butterflies, in general, are not capable of biting or stinging humans.

Do Luna Moth Caterpillars Sting?

Luna moth caterpillars do not have a stinger nor a venomous bite. However, some caterpillars possess spiny hairs that can cause skin irritation. The irritation is not due to a venom or poison, but to a mechanical action of the hairs lodging into the skin.

Allergic Reactions

It is possible for some people to have allergic reactions to caterpillars or moth’s hairs, but these cases are rare. Symptoms of an allergic reaction can include:

• Skin redness
• Mild itching
• Small, raised bumps on the skin

Comparison of Luna Moth Caterpillars and Poisonous Caterpillars:

In conclusion, Luna moths and their caterpillars are not harmful to humans as they do not have a stinger or venomous bite. Any skin irritation that may occur is likely due to the mechanical action of the hairs, and any allergic reactions are rare.

Defense Mechanisms

Camouflage

Luna moths have an impressive natural defense mechanism that helps them blend into their surroundings. Their wing pattern allows the insect to easily camouflage itself when resting against tree bark or in fallen leaf litter¹.

Some key features of their camouflage include:

• Pale or lime green color
• Dark leading edge on the forewings
• Eyespots on all four wings²

Tails and Scales

Another defense mechanism of Luna moths involves their tails. These long, visually elaborate tails serve a crucial purpose in helping them evade predators, particularly bats³. The tails create an acoustic illusion, confusing echolocation and allowing them to avoid capture.

Scales, on the other hand, line the moth’s wings and can detach when plucked by a predator, clearing an escape path.

Toxic Properties

While Luna moths’ bodies do not possess any known toxic properties, their caterpillars do have a toxic feature to fend off potential predators. Luna moth caterpillars secrete a foul-tasting substance that deters would-be attackers from consuming them.

Predators

Despite their impressive defenses, Luna moths are not immune to predation. They face threats from various predators, including:

• Owls
• Bats
• Bald-face hornets
• Parasitic wasps
• Fiery searcher ground beetles¹

Luna Moths and Human Interaction

Luna Moth in Pop Culture

Luna Moths, with their vibrant green coloring and striking appearance, have captured the human imagination. As a result, they are often seen as symbols of beauty and transformation in various forms of art, such as paintings, tattoos, and even fabric patterns.

These fascinating insects have also made their way into popular literature and movies, often representing magical elements due to their short lifespan and ethereal appearance.

Luna Moths in Gardens

Luna Moths are generally considered harmless to humans. The adult moths do not have a mouth and therefore do not bite or feed on anything. They strictly focus on reproduction during their brief, week-long existence as winged creatures. Below are some key characteristics of Luna Moths in gardens:

• Caterpillars: As larvae, Luna Moths feed on tree leaves such as walnut and sweet gum, which provide their host plants with a crucial role in the ecosystem.
• Cocoons: The caterpillars spin silk to form protective cocoons where they undergo metamorphosis during winter months.

Gardeners and nature lovers often appreciate having Luna Moths around for their beauty and unique coloring. Here are some tips for a harmonious coexistence with these lovely creatures:

• Host Plants: Include host plants for Luna Moth larvae in your garden, such as walnut, sweet gum, or hickory trees.
• Bright Lights: Minimize artificial bright lights at night, as they can attract and disorient adult moths.
• Respectful Distance: Avoid handling the insects to minimize stress and damage to their delicate wings.

In conclusion, Luna Moths pose no threat to humans, and interactions with them can be enjoyable and educational when approached respectfully. Cultivating a garden that supports their lifecycle can contribute to their populations and allow us to better appreciate these stunning creatures.

Related Species of Luna Moth

Chinese Luna

The Chinese Luna moth, scientifically known as Actias dubernardi, is another stunning member of the Luna moth family. Some key features of the Chinese Luna moth are:

• Smaller wingspan compared to the American Luna moth
• Long tails like the American Luna moth
• A vibrant yellow-green color with eyespots on its wings

These moths have adapted to their surroundings, displaying an aerodynamic build that makes them efficient flyers. They tend to have a small population as they face various threats, including habitat loss and predators.

Vampire Moths

Unlike the Chinese Luna moth, Vampire moths are quite unique and different from typical Luna moths. They are also called poisonous moths because of their unusual feeding habits. Here are some notable characteristics:

• Referred to as ‘Vampire moths’ as some species feed on mammal blood
• Unique feeding behavior among the moth family

The Luna moth cocoon, which houses both the Luna moth and its related species, plays a significant role in the moth’s life cycle. In general, Luna moth cocoons offer protection, allowing them to undergo metamorphosis in a secure environment.

In summary, the Chinese Luna and Vampire moths are two examples of interesting species related to the main topic. While they share certain similarities in appearance with the Luna moth, their behaviors and habitats distinguish them from one another.

Comparison Table

Safety Precautions and Considerations

For Humans

Luna moths, known for their vibrant green color and long tails, are generally harmless to humans. They lack the mouthparts required for biting, as they do not need to consume food during their short adult life cycle (*source). Despite their harmless nature, there are a few points to consider:

• Handle with care: Though Luna moth larvae and adult forms are not harmful, handling them should be done carefully to prevent damaging their delicate wings.

• Allergic reactions: While incidents are rare, some individuals might experience allergic reactions when handling moths or coming into contact with their eggs. It’s essential to wash hands thoroughly after handling them.

For Pets

The safety of pets, particularly dogs, in relation to Luna moths is essential to consider as well:

• Eating larvae: Pets may be tempted to snack on Luna moth larvae. However, the fat-rich content of the larvae could cause indigestion or other gastrointestinal issues.

  • Regurgitation: In some cases, dogs may regurgitate the larvae due to the larvae’s defense mechanism of regurgitating its stomach contents. This can cause nausea or vomiting in dogs.

• Bacteria: Both Luna moth eggs and larvae may carry bacteria that, if ingested, could lead to health problems for pets. It’s best to keep pets away from these insects, and ensure proper hygiene when handling them.

In summary, Luna moths don’t pose a significant threat to humans or pets, but it’s essential to take simple precautions to ensure the safety and well-being of all involved.

Reader Emails

Over the years, our website, whatsthatbug.com has received hundreds of letters and some interesting images asking us about these insects. Scroll down to have a look at some of them.

Letter 1 – Luna Moth

2007/08/14/indian-moon-moths/Subject: Looks like moth
Location: Rock island, il
May 10, 2016 3:37 am
Found this bug. Not sure what it is
Signature: Barb

Dear Barb,
Though it has similar looking relatives in other parts of the world like the Indian Moon Moth, no other North American species looks remotely like your Luna Moth.

Letter 2 – Luna Moth

Cocoon Hatched Today! It was a Luna Moth!
My 9 year old granddaughter found a cocoon out in the yard last week and we brought it inside. I placed it on my kitchen counter and forgot all about it. It has now been two weeks and guess what I found on my kitchen blinds whenI arrived home today? You guess it, this male beauty! He is a very large as you can tell from the photo of it on my hand. When I went to search what the Luna Moth eats I came across your website. I did not want to put it outside in our 30 degree nights as was afraid it would freeze and did not want it to die. I was very disappointed to read they don’t have a mouth as they don’t eat and only live for a few days after they hatch… such a shame. I was even more unset that the walnut tree I had cut down is one of the places where these moths lay their eggs! Please feel free to use any of the photos if you want to add anymore to your wonderful website. Thank you for all the information you have posted for us to learn about these beautiful moths. MS. DARNELL MOONDA FUGATE
Macon, Georgia

Dear Ms. Fugate,
Thank you for sending us your wonderful story and beautiful photos.

Letter 3 – Luna Moth

Subject: Green leaf colored and shaped ”Moth”
Location: Houston, TX
September 29, 2012 5:39 pm
I saw this ”Moth” clinging to the top of a chain linked fence at a place where I shop. I thought it was a green leaf, until it flapped it’s wings. The edges were browned and it had a long and wide greenish tail. It’s belly was white. I am familiar with a few moths, but have never seen one like this. Can you tell me what it was I had seen?
Signature: Very Curious in Houston

Dear Very Curious in Houston,
This is a female Luna Moth.  Hopefully she has mated and can find a place to lay her eggs.

Letter 4 – Luna Moth

Subject: Moth or butterfly?
Location: Rhome, Texas
April 26, 2013 2:10 pm
We found this little thing in the garage resting this morning and just curious what it is because we haven’t ever seen these out here… Thanks
Signature: C. Draper

Dear C. Draper,
It is unlikely that any other North American insect will be confused with a Luna Moth.  This is a lovely male Luna Moth, distinguished from the female by his more feathery antennae.  Luna Moths do not feed as adults, living only long enough to mate and lay eggs.  Luna Moths are found in the eastern portion of North America and you are probably near the western most extent of the range.

Letter 5 – Luna Moth

Subject: Please ID This Insect
Location: Arlington, VA 22204
May 17, 2013 11:05 am
We found a Luna Moth is Arlington, VA 20850 on May 17, 2013.
This insect, thought to be just a leaf at first, was seen on May 17, 2013 in Arlington, VA adjacent to Washington, DC. It was lying on a parking lot floor which is open to the surrounding area. This is an urban area of businesse and residences. Reasonable density of trees, bushes.
It was alive when the attached picture was taken. The wingspan is about 4-5 inches.
Light green in color, obvious antenae upon close inspection. Large spots positioned symetrically on the wings look like eyes. Probably great example of use of both camouflage and threatening appearance at the same time.
Signature: Harold Cypress

Hi Harold,
Thanks for sending us your photo of this lovely Luna Moth.  It is nice to know they are found in urban Arlington.

Letter 6 – Luna Moth

Subject: Camouflaged leaf butterfly
Location: Charlotte, NC
May 13, 2014 5:00 pm
I’m very curious as to the species of this outstanding specimen.
Signature: C Tubman

Dear C Tubman,
This gorgeous creature is a male Luna Moth, and your image is only the second we have received this year.  Typically, we begin receiving Luna Moth images in February from Texas and Florida, and as spring warmth moves north, we begin to get reports from higher latitudes.  By late May and early June, we hear of sightings in Maine and Canada.

Letter 7 – Luna Moth

Subject: Luna Moth
Location: Birmingham, Al
May 22, 2014 10:32 am
This Luna Moth was photographed by me in my garden last week. First sighted it around mid day, came back with Iphone a few hours later and it was still there. A friend of mine identified it for me this morning. I live in Birmingham, Alabama.
Signature: Wendy

Dear Wendy,
Thanks for sending us your images.  Our reports and documentation of Luna Moth sightings are well below average this year, and we wonder if the harsh weather in the eastern portion of the country has resulted in pupae not surviving through the winter.  Perhaps the emergence has been delayed and we will get additional reports later this year.

Letter 8 – Luna Moth

Subject: Alien bug
Location: Rural Tennessee.
May 25, 2014 10:49 pm
Last night I went outside and this thing was flapping around about 10 feet in the air for a few minutes then it fell to the ground, I thought it was a bat at first. As I moved closer towards it it started flying towards me and I ran away.. And watched it from afar. It seemed like it had never flown before or had a hard time flying because the top wings flapped at a different time then the bottom ones. As you can imagine it would fly then fall, then fly and fall all over again. It was the size of my hand or bigger. Underneath the wings was a huge white bug with glowing eyes. I live on 10 acres of farmland so I tend a lot of strange bugs in outside but this by far is the strangest. Hopefully you can zoom in. I tried to pick the best ones to send. Thank you for your time.
Signature: Sincerely, Krista charnock

Dear Krista,
This is a male Luna Moth, one of the most spectacular and unforgettable North American moths.  Adults only live a few days, and they do not eat as adults, surviving on stored fat that accumulated as a caterpillar.  Since Luna Moths only live a few days, your observation that it just learned to fly is accurate.  Reports of sightings of Luna Moths to our site are down this year, so we are very happy to be able to post your image.

Letter 9 – Luna Moth

Subject: Glen Burnie
Location: Northern Virginia
June 15, 2014 7:06 pm
We saw this on our garage. We’ve never seen anything like it before
Signature: Bensons

Dear Bensons,
This male Luna Moth is arguably the most beautiful North American moth.  It is definitely the most unique North American Moth.  The feathery antennae indicate that this is a male Luna Moth.

Letter 10 – Luna Moth

Subject: Luna Moth in Vermont
Location: Windham, Vermont
June 25, 2014 7:23 am
I know it is a luna moth, but I have never seen one in Vermont! Sighted in Windham, VT on June 25th, 2014.
Signature: Sarah

Hi Sarah,
Thanks so much for sending in your image of a Luna Moth in Vermont.

Letter 11 – Luna Moth

Subject: My First Ever Luna Moon Moth. ( I think. )
Location: Canton GA
May 10, 2015 1:47 pm
This Mother’s Day morning I got up to get my first cup of coffee and it’s still dark out with the slightest light peaking through . We live in town but on top of a mountain that was partly destroyed by a storm . So there are only two houses at the bottom then drive up to the top and that’s us and we are surrounded by a forest it’s like you are teleported into a different world , cause you know that the closest store is only half mile away.
I am a smoker and normally smoke inside but I had been watching a friends kids for the weekend and I do not smoke sorry anyway I go out to smoke and as I light my cigarette a huge winged thing is slowly crawling up the wall to my French doors. I scream cause I am caught off guard. It stays that way from 545am until 500pm then it starts to shake or vibrate and then flies off. It was so beautiful it let me get as close as I wanted I did not touch it because I was afraid the oils or nicotine on my hands would hurt it. I was in awwww after took the pics and then even more when it took flight.n
Signature: Renee Duran

Congratulations on your Luna Moth sighting Renee.  Your experience is enviable.

Letter 12 – Luna Moth

Subject: Luna Moth in ATL!
Location: Atlanta, GA
July 23, 2015 8:50 am
This is what greeted me at the door when I got to work today! It was lounging on the reflective window (hence the background). A friend identified it for me! A great expression of God’s handiwork! Am trying to think if I ever saw one before! So beautiful!
Signature: Carol

Dear Carol,
Thanks for sending in your lovely image of a male Luna Moth.  We received fewer images this year of Luna Moths than we typically receive.

Letter 13 – Luna Moth

Subject: Luna Moth
Location: Aurora, IL
September 29, 2015 9:11 pm
Found this guy outside my work. It was a windy day today and he was on his back trying struggling to get back on his feet. I took it upon my self to help him out and got him back on his feet. But the wind kept flipping him over, so I found a save haven for him under a wooden crate. First time I have ever seen such a beautiful moth. 🙂
Signature: Aleks

Hi Aleks,
Thanks for sending in your image of a Luna Moth.  This seems like a very late season appearance for your part of the country.

Letter 14 – Luna Moth

Subject: Early Morning Visiter
Location: Eastern North Carolina
October 9, 2015 1:37 am
Hello bugman,
I need your help. I snapped a pic of this little guy and I’ve searched a bunch of sites to identify it to no avail. I live in Eastern North Carolina and he joined me for coffee at 4am while at work. He posed for a photo dipped his wing to say bye and flew off. Summer mornings are full of surprises. If you can help awesome, if not at least you got a good looking butterfly for you gallery.
Signature: JZS

Dear JZS,
Goodness, summer lasts much longer in North Carolina.  We are several weeks into autumn in Los Angeles right now.  Lucky you to have seen this lovely Luna Moth.  We believe based on the narrow antennae that this is a female, and hopefully she has mated and can lay fertile eggs, ensuring a new generation.  Luna Moths are Giant Silkmoths in the family Saturniidae, and they do not feed as adults, living only a few days which is long enough to mate and procreate and not much else, though they do provide a nice snack for any birds, bats or other insectivores that catch them.  The battered wings are a good indication that some unsuspecting predator attacked the long tails on the hindwings, enabling the moth to fly off, damaged but still alive.

Letter 15 – Luna Moth

Subject: Colorful unknown insect
Location: Southeastern Pennsylvania
April 22, 2016 4:32 am
This bug was on the garage door frame yesterday. It was about 10cm long and 4-5 cm wide.
Signature: Gramma Patty

Dear Gramma Patty,
This gorgeous creature is a male Luna Moth, one of our favorite insects.  We just posted our first Luna Moth image of the season a few days ago.

Letter 16 – Luna Moth

Subject: What’s this moth?
Location: Northern Kentucky
July 31, 2016 6:10 pm
Just wondering what this is the kids found it on our property.
Signature: Fun in ky

Dear Fun in ky,
Though there are several other large green moths native to North America, including the Pandorus Sphinx and the Pacific Green Sphinx, nothing looks remotely similar to the Luna Moth.  Other continents have relatives of the Luna Moth, including the Indian Moon Moth, but again, there is nothing else in North America that looks anything like this beautiful creature.

Letter 17 – Luna Moth

Subject: Moth or what?
Location: Louisiana
March 16, 2017 7:38 pm
What is this?
Signature: Shawn Keith Hyde

Dear Shawn,
The Luna Moth is arguably the loveliest North American moth.  Like other members of its family Saturniidae, adult Luna Moths do not eat.  They live long enough to mate and reproduce.

Letter 18 – Luna Moth

Subject: Luna moth
Location: Atlanta Georgia
April 3, 2017 12:09 pm
I live near Atlanta. This Luna Moth has been on my porch for two days. Considering how short his/her life cycle is, he needs to get busy. Can anyone tell,the sex from the picture?
Signature: Tom

Dear Tom,
The most obvious way to tell a male Luna Moth from a female Luna Moth is the antennae, which are much more developed in the male so he can sense the female.  Female Luna Moths are quite heavy when filled with eggs, so they may not fly much until they have mated.  An unmated Luna Moth may wait for a mate.  A male Luna Moth might not waste energy flying until he senses a female.  Alas, for some reason, the antennae in your image are not obvious.  It appears they are larger, hence that of a male, but again, the detail is somewhat blurry, so we cannot be certain.

Letter 19 – Luna Moth

Subject: Moth Maybe?
Location: South East. GA
April 20, 2017 9:08 pm
I keep seeing these around my house and I’m wondering could you please identify it?
Signature: Tim

Dear Tim,
This is a somewhat tattered, but still very beautiful male Luna Moth.

Letter 20 – Luna Moth

Subject: Luna moth?
Location: North carolina
June 6, 2017 9:29 am
Is this a Luna moth
Signature: Billie

Dear Billie,
You are correct that this is a Luna Moth.