The Checkerspot butterfly is a fascinating species that has captured the attention of nature enthusiasts and conservationists alike. Known for their striking patterns and vibrant colors, these captivating insects are a beautiful sight to behold. There are multiple subspecies of Checkerspot butterflies, such as Taylor’s Checkerspot and the Baltimore Checkerspot, each displaying unique features.
Taylor’s Checkerspot, for instance, has a wingspan of around 5.7 centimeters and displays a checkered pattern of orange, black, and cream colors on its wings source. On the other hand, the Baltimore Checkerspot is the official insect of Maryland and has a wingspan of roughly 2.5 inches source. Both these subspecies belong to the family Nymphalidae, also known as brushfooted butterflies. Their reduced front legs give the appearance of having four legs instead of six.
Checkerspot butterflies face many challenges, including loss of habitat and decline in population numbers, particularly for the Taylor’s Checkerspot subspecies source. Conservation efforts are in place to help protect and preserve these butterflies and their natural habitats. In learning about the Checkerspot butterfly, we can understand the importance of these incredible creatures and their role in maintaining a balanced ecosystem.
Checkerspot Butterfly Species and Identification
Gorgone Checkerspot
The Gorgone Checkerspot is a butterfly with a distinctive pattern of black, red, and white markings. The species is generally found in the central United States.
- Color: Black, red, and white
- Habitat: Prairies, meadows, and open woodlands
Bay Checkerspot
The Bay Checkerspot is a colorful butterfly with black, red, and white markings on its wings. This species is native to the San Francisco Bay area.
- Color: Black, red, and white
- Habitat: Coastal grasslands and open meadows
Taylor’s Checkerspot
Taylor’s Checkerspot is a Pacific Northwest endemic butterfly with a combination of black, orange, and white markings on its wings.
- Color: Black, orange, and white
- Habitat: Native prairies of western Washington, Oregon, and southwest British Columbia
Baltimore Checkerspot
The Baltimore Checkerspot is a striking butterfly with black, orange, and white markings. It’s named after the bold colors of Lord Baltimore’s coat of arms.
- Color: Black, orange, and white
- Habitat: Wet meadows, marshes, and stream edges
Silvery Checkerspot
The Silvery Checkerspot is a butterfly with orange, black, and white markings on its wings. This species is found in the eastern United States.
- Color: Orange, black, and white
- Habitat: Open, sunny areas such as fields, meadows, and roadsides
Comparison Table
| Species | Colors | Habitat |
|---|---|---|
| Gorgone Checkerspot | Black, red, and white | Prairies, meadows, and open woodlands |
| Bay Checkerspot | Black, red, and white | Coastal grasslands and open meadows |
| Taylor’s Checkerspot | Black, orange, and white | Native prairies of western Washington, Oregon, and southwest British Columbia |
| Baltimore Checkerspot | Black, orange, and white | Wet meadows, marshes, and stream edges |
| Silvery Checkerspot | Orange, black, and white | Open, sunny areas such as fields, meadows, and roadsides |
Habitats and Distribution
North America
The Checkerspot butterfly is found in various regions of North America, inhabiting grasslands and prairies.
- Habitat: Grasslands and prairies
- Regions: Pacific Northwest, East Coast, and Southwest
Oregon
In Oregon, the Taylor’s Checkerspot butterfly is found primarily in native prairies of the Pacific Northwest region 1.
- Limited to 2 populations
- Endemic to Pacific Northwest
Washington
Similarly, Washington is home to a small scattering of Taylor’s Checkerspot butterfly populations 2.
- Restricted to 8 populations
- Dependent on prairie and grassland habitats
British Columbia
Only a single population of the Taylor’s Checkerspot butterfly currently exists in British Columbia 2.
- One known population
- Pacific Northwest endemic
East Coast
On the East Coast, the Baltimore Checkerspot butterfly is the state insect of Maryland 3.
- State insect of Maryland
- Black and orange wingspan of 2.5 inches
Southwest
No specific information about Checkerspot butterflies was found for the Southwest region.
Comparison Table
| Region | Species | Populations | Habitat |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oregon | Taylor’s Checkerspot | 2 | Prairie and grassland |
| Washington | Taylor’s Checkerspot | 8 | Prairie and grassland |
| British Columbia | Taylor’s Checkerspot | 1 | Prairie and grassland |
| East Coast | Baltimore Checkerspot | N/A | Grassland and wetland |
| Southwest | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Reproduction and Life Cycle
Eggs
The Taylor’s Checkerspot butterfly begins its life as an egg. Female butterflies lay their eggs on a leaf, either singly or in clusters 1.
Caterpillars
Upon hatching, the Checkerspot caterpillars, also known as larvae, come out. These caterpillars have a primary function: to eat and grow 2. Some characteristics of Checkerspot caterpillars include:
- Munching on leaves from host plants
- Going through multiple growth stages, called instars
Chrysalis
After growing throughout their larval stage, the Checkerspot caterpillars transition into the pupal stage. During this time, they form a protective casing around themselves known as a chrysalis 3. Inside the chrysalis:
- The caterpillar body transforms
- New body structures develop
Adult Butterfly
Once metamorphosis is complete, the adult Checkerspot butterfly emerges from the chrysalis 4. The adult butterfly has a wingspan of about 2.25 inches and a life span of approximately 30 days 5. Adult butterflies have several key features:
- Notable wing patterns
- Mating and reproducing during their peak flight period
Comparison of Checkerspot Butterfly Life Stages:
| Life Stage | Main Characteristics | Duration |
|---|---|---|
| Egg | Laid by females on host plant | varies |
| Caterpillar | Eating and growing | varies |
| Chrysalis | Metamorphosing | varies |
| Adult Butterfly | Mating, reproducing, and flying | ~30 days |
Diet and Host Plants
Nectar Plants
Checkerspot butterflies depend on nectar plants as their primary food source. Nectar plants provide energy to adult butterflies, enabling them to fly, mate, and lay eggs. Some favorite nectar plants for checkerspot butterflies include:
- Castilleja hispida
- Plantains
- Sea blush
It’s essential to include native plants in a butterfly garden to support the checkerspot species. For better results, use a variety of native plants to attract a diverse range of butterflies.
Host Plants
In addition to nectar plants, host plants play a crucial role in checkerspot butterfly reproduction. Adult females tend to lay their eggs on host plants that provide food for the emerging caterpillars. Examples of host plants for checkerspot butterfly larvae include:
- Penstemon
- Orthocarpus
- Collinsia
Pros of using native plants:
- Attract local butterfly species
- Support the life cycle of butterflies
Cons of using native plants:
- May not be readily available
Comparison table of Nectar plants and Host plants:
| Nectar Plants | Host Plants |
|---|---|
| Provide energy source | Support larvae development |
| Attract adult butterflies | Essential for reproduction |
| Examples: Castilleja hispida, Plantains, Sea blush | Examples: Penstemon, Orthocarpus, Collinsia |
In conclusion, to support the checkerspot butterfly species, it is crucial to incorporate both nectar and host plants in a garden. Native plants are particularly important, as they help sustain the butterfly’s life cycle and ensure their survival.
Conservation and Threats
Endangered Species
The Taylor’s checkerspot butterfly is endemic to the Pacific Northwest and currently listed as an endangered species. It now only survives at a small handful of sites due to habitat loss and other threats.
Key Features of Taylor’s Checkerspot Butterfly:
- Endemic to the Pacific Northwest
- Endangered species
- Restricted to a small number of sites
Habitat Loss
Habitat loss has played a significant role in the decline of checkerspot butterflies. For instance, the decline of Taylor’s checkerspot is primarily due to the loss of native prairies in the Pacific Northwest.
Examples of habitat loss:
- Native prairie loss in the Pacific Northwest
- Urban development encroaching on habitats
Climate Change
Climate change can also pose a threat to checkerspot butterflies by altering their habitat and endangering their survival. For example, changes in temperature and precipitation patterns can affect the distribution and abundance of their host plants, putting the species at risk.
Comparison Table of Threats to Checkerspot Butterflies
| Threat | Checkerspot Butterfly Example | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Endangered | Taylor’s checkerspot | Few populations remain |
| Habitat Loss | Native prairie loss | Decline in suitable habitats |
| Climate Change | Altered precipitation | Changes in host plant distribution |
Physical Characteristics and Appearance
Wings and Patterns
- Wings: Taylor’s checkerspot butterfly has medium-sized wings, with a wingspan ranging from 1½ – 2 inches (3.5 – 5.1 cm) 1.
- Patterns: The wings display a checkerboard pattern that consists of squares, dots, and stripes, creating a visually striking appearance.
Color and Variation
- Black base: The checkerspot butterfly has a predominantly black base color on its wings.
- Yellowish-orange: The squares, dots, and stripes in the pattern showcase a vibrant mix of yellowish-orange shades.
- Variation: Taylor’s checkerspot butterfly’s coloration can vary, depending on subspecies 2.
Sexual Dimorphism
- Males and females of this species exhibit similar coloration and patterns, making it difficult to distinguish between the two at a glance.
In summary, the checkerspot butterfly exhibits a unique combination of colors and patterns on its wings, which contribute to its distinctive appearance.
Checkerspot Butterfly in Culture and Gardens
State Insect
The Baltimore Checkerspot Butterfly holds a special place in culture, as it is the official state insect of Maryland. It was designated as such in 1973, highlighting its importance and beauty.
Gardening for Checkerspots
Many people admire checkerspot butterflies and want to attract them to their gardens. Here are some tips for creating a checkerspot-friendly garden:
- Plant native host plants: Checkerspot caterpillars rely on specific host plants for food. Planting these in your garden can attract checkerspots.
- Provide nectar sources: Adult checkerspot butterflies feed on nectar from flowers. Plant a variety of nectar-rich flowers to cater to their needs.
- Create shelter: Butterflies need shelter from predators and adverse weather. Provide some shrubs and tall grasses where they can take cover.
Some key features of checkerspot butterflies include:
- Wingspan: Medium-sized, with a wingspan of approximately 2.25 to 2.5 inches.
- Lifespan: Short, with adult butterflies only living for a few weeks.
- Coloration: Vibrant, checkered patterns in orange, white, and black.
In summary, checkerspot butterflies are a charming and important part of culture and gardens. Providing the right environment can attract these beautiful insects to your outdoor space, while also supporting their populations.
Footnotes
- Taylor’s Checkerspot – U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ↩ ↩2 ↩3
- Taylor’s checkerspot | Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4
- Rare, Threatened and Endangered Animal Fact Sheets ↩ ↩2
- https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2022/08/Butterfly-Life-Cycle.pdf ↩
- https://www.fws.gov/species/taylors-checkerspot-euphydryas-editha-taylori ↩
4 Comments. Leave new
After checking my quick-reference Butterflies of Central Texas, my Peterson Field Guide to Eastern Butterflies, and my Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Butterflies, I think that your “unknown Checkerspot” is probably a Vesta Crescent. P.S. Love the pix of your Theona Checkerspot. The little piece of white flower just sets it off!
Thanks for your comment/correction. We don’t have the time to double check it right not. We are not infallible and we always appreciate the diligence of our readership.
I need help in identifying a Catapillar that is on my butterfly bush. I have photos if you would like to correspond with me through email. I live in Northern California.
Thank you!
I need help in identifying a Catapillar that is on my butterfly bush. I have photos if you would like to correspond with me through email. I live in Northern California.
Thank you!