Catalpa Sphinx Moth: Essential Facts and Tips

The Catalpa Sphinx moth, scientifically known as Ceratomia catalpae, is an intriguing and captivating creature. Known for its distinct gray wings with irregular dark and light bands, this heavy-bodied moth is both stunning and captivating, with a wingspan of around three inches¹.

This moth species is quite remarkable, especially considering its close relationship with catalpa trees. The caterpillar, commonly referred to as the catalpa worm or catawba worm, is often found feeding on the large leaves of these trees, sometimes leading to defoliation during outbreak years². Not only are the caterpillars essential to the moth’s life cycle, but they also serve as a vital food source for various fish and bird species.

Catalpa Sphinx Moth Overview

Scientific Classification

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Arthropoda
• Class: Insecta
• Order: Lepidoptera
• Family: Sphingidae
• Genus: Ceratomia
• Species: C. catalpae

Habitat and Distribution

The Catalpa Sphinx Moth, also known as Ceratomia catalpae, is a species of sphinx moth found in the eastern United States. They inhabit regions from Maine and New Hampshire to Nebraska, Iowa, and Virginia, extending to the Gulf States. In their larval stage, called catalpa worms, they primarily feed on the leaves of the catalpa tree.

Ceratomia catalpae is best known for its association with catalpa trees, where female moths lay clusters of up to 1,000 white eggs on the leaves, usually in April or early spring. The caterpillars then emerge and start feeding on the tree’s leaves. Adult sphinx moths have heavy bodies and wingspans of about three inches, with gray coloration marked by irregular dark and light bands.

The catalpa tree and its associated moths gained importance in the 19th century with the US patent office promoting the planting of catalpa trees for their valuable wood and caterpillars as fish bait. Consequently, Catalpa Sphinx Moth distribution expanded as more trees were planted.

In summary, the Catalpa Sphinx Moth is an insect species native to the eastern United States, primarily associated with catalpa trees. Adult moths have distinct gray-colored wings, while in their larval stage, they feed on the leaves of the tree, making them valuable for both their role in the ecosystem and their use as fish bait.

Life Cycle of the Catalpa Sphinx Moth

Egg Stage

The life cycle of the Catalpa Sphinx Moth begins with the female moth laying clusters of up to 1,000 white eggs on catalpa tree leaves. The oval-shaped eggs are small with diameters measuring around 1mm.

Larva Stage

• Caterpillar: Also known as the catalpa worm or catawba worm.
• Coloration: Yellowish-green body with black dots and stripes.

When the eggs hatch, the caterpillars or larvae emerge. The green and yellow catalpa worms are known to defoliate catalpa trees. They molt through multiple stages as they grow.

Key characteristics of the catalpa worm:

• Possesses soft, translucent skin.
• Features a distinctive black horn at the end of its abdomen.

Pupa Stage

• Transition: Caterpillars transform into pupae in winter.
• Color: Pupae have a light brown, spindle-shaped appearance.

The catalpa worm enters the pupa stage after fully growing and prepares for metamorphosis. During winter, pupae stay 2-3 inches deep in the soil around the host tree’s base.

Adult Moth

• Wing Characteristics: Forewings are gray with irregular dark and light bands; brown hind wings.
• Family: Sphingidae (hawk moths), within the Lepidoptera order.

Adult moths emerge from pupae in spring, bearing a heavy body and a wingspan of about three inches. The moths feed on nectar and mate, continuing the life cycle.

Pros and Cons of the Catalpa Sphinx Moth:

Pros:

• Attracts natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) that help control their population.

Cons:

• Defoliates catalpa trees, posing a threat as a pest.
• Can lead to complete defoliation if the infestation is severe.

Comparison of stages in the life cycle:

Catalpa Trees and the Catalpa Sphinx Moth

Host Plants

The Catalpa Sphinx Moth caterpillars, also known as Catalpa worms, primarily feed on the leaves of Catalpa trees. Some common species of Catalpa trees include:

• Catalpa bignonioides (Southern Catalpa)
• Catalpa speciosa (Northern Catalpa)
• Catalpa ovata (Chinese Catalpa)

All of these tree species belong to the genus Catalpa and share certain characteristics, such as showy flowers, large leaves, and elongated seed pods.

Defoliation

Catalpa worm infestation can result in significant defoliation. Feeding caterpillars consume the foliage, potentially leading to entire branches being stripped of leaves. The Catalpa Sphinx Moth is known for its occasional outbreaks that may cause severe defoliation, especially during particular years.

In some cases, defoliated trees may endure substantial stress but often have the ability to recover.

Impact on Catalpa Trees

While Catalpa Sphinx Moth caterpillars can cause significant damage to Catalpa trees, they usually don’t cause long-term harm. Some possible impacts on Catalpa trees include:

• Temporary loss of aesthetic value due to defoliation
• Reduction in energy production as a result of missing leaves
• Stress caused by loss of foliage

Catalpa trees are generally resilient and can tolerate a range of soil conditions, including wet and dry environments. This resilience may contribute to their ability to cope with and recover from caterpillar damage.

Catalpa Worm as Fishing Bait

Fishermen’s Favorite

Catalpa worms are a favorite bait among fishermen, especially in the southern US. Their effectiveness in attracting fish is well known, making them highly sought after during the fishing season. Here are some reasons why they’re popular as fishing bait:

• Easy to find on catalpa trees, also known as cigar trees
• Produce a white cocoon that can be easily spotted
• Highly effective in attracting various fish species

Below is a comparison table of different fish species attracted to catalpa worms as bait and alternative bait options:

Catching Fish Species

Catalpa worms are particularly effective for catching fish species like largemouth bass, bream, and catfish. Chinese catalpa trees are a common source for these worms. Here are some examples of using catalpa worms for fishing:

• Hooking the worm in a way that allows it to wriggle, becoming more enticing to fish
• Using freshly picked worms, as they release juices that attract fish
• Storing worms in a cool container to keep them fresh during a fishing trip

To sum up, catalpa worms serve as an excellent fishing bait for various fish species, and are easily found on catalpa trees. With the right technique and storage, fishermen can maximize their chances of making a successful catch.

Natural Predators and Control Measures

Parasitic Wasps

One of the natural predators of the Catalpa Sphinx Moth is the parasitic wasp, specifically Cotesia congregata. These wasps help control the Catalpa Sphinx Moth population by laying their eggs inside the moth’s caterpillars. The larval wasps feed on the caterpillar, eventually killing it. Examples of benefits for using parasitic wasps include:

• Eco-friendly method of control
• Reduced need for chemical pesticides

However, they come with some drawbacks:

• May not be sufficient during outbreak years
• Might disrupt balance between moth and natural enemies

Diseases Affecting the Catalpa Sphinx Moth

Diseases also play a role in controlling the Catalpa Sphinx Moth population. They can affect moth eggs, larvae, or cocoons. Some natural enemies, such as white-footed mice, certain birds, and predatory insects or mites, contribute to spreading disease among the moth population. Here’s a comparison table of diseases and other control measures:

In summary:

• Parasitic wasps and diseases are significant natural control methods.
• Chemical pesticides can help, but have environmental drawbacks.
• Balancing natural predators and control measures is an ongoing challenge.

Remember to be aware of the pros and cons of various control measures while managing the Catalpa Sphinx Moth population. Always consider the environment and the long-term implications of your chosen methods.

Additional Information

Images of the Catalpa Sphinx Moth

The Catalpa Sphinx Moth, also known as Ceratomia catalpae, is a visually striking moth with a heavy body and a wingspan of about three inches. Its grey wings feature irregular dark and light bands and markings, while its hind wings are almost uniformly brownish grey.

Some features of the Catalpa Sphinx Moth include:

• Shiny black head
• A prominent black spine on the back end of the body
• Body coloration and markings change as they grow

Interesting Facts

• Host plant: The main host plant for the Catalpa Sphinx Moth is the Northern Catalpa (Catalpa speciosa), a medium to large deciduous tree with showy white flowers and large, green seed pods resembling beans.
• Larval stage: The larval stage of the Catalpa Sphinx Moth, known as the Catalpa Worm or Catawba Worm, can grow up to 3 inches long. These caterpillars are occasional pests, with a potential to defoliate catalpa trees during outbreaks.
• Distribution: The Catalpa Sphinx Moth can be found in various parts of the United States, ranging from states like New Hampshire to Iowa. Their distribution coincides with the presence of catalpa trees.
• Defoliation: In some instances, the caterpillars can completely defoliate catalpa trees. However, the trees can typically recover from such events by producing new leaves fairly quickly.

Comparison of Larval Stage and Adult Moth

Please note that these interesting facts and comparisons should not be taken as a comprehensive guide. Research and knowledge about the Catalpa Sphinx Moth may evolve, and it’s essential to consult updated and accurate sources for the best understanding.