The Big Headed Ground Beetle is a fascinating insect that plays a crucial role in controlling pest populations. These beetles belong to the family Carabidae and can be found in various agricultural and garden settings. With their unique appearance and beneficial attributes, it’s worth understanding what sets this beetle apart from other insects.
These beetles are small to moderately sized, ranging from 1/8 to 1/2 inches long, with some species even reaching up to 1 inch in length. They have a distinct flattened shape and noticeable mandibles (jaws) that make them easily recognizable. Their iridescent coloration, displaying different hues depending on the angle of light, adds to their allure.
Big Headed Ground Beetles act as essential predators in their ecosystems. They help maintain the balance by preying on other insects, specifically pests that can negatively impact plants and crops. This natural method of pest control is advantageous since it reduces the need for chemical treatments in gardens and farmlands.
Big Headed Ground Beetle Identification
Color and Appearance
The Big Headed Ground Beetle, also known as Scarites subterraneus, has a distinct appearance, making it easy to identify. These beetles typically have a:
- Color: Black or dark brown, with a shiny and iridescent surface
- Body: Hard, flattened body with well-developed, powerful mandibles
Size and Anatomy
Big Headed Ground Beetles are moderate in size, possessing some key anatomical features:
- Size: About 1/2 inch to 1 inch in length
- Legs: Long, strong legs adapted for rapid movement
- Antennae: Elongated and prominent, aiding in sensing their environment
Distinguishing Features
The distinguishing features of the Scarites genus, which includes the Big Headed Ground Beetle, are:
- Enlarged, flattened head with ridged and bulging eyes
- Pronounced, tooth-like projections on the sides of the thorax
As part of the Scarites genus, the Big Headed Ground Beetle shares these traits.
Here’s a comparison table of Big Headed Ground Beetle features:
| Feature | Big Headed Ground Beetle |
|---|---|
| Color | Black or dark brown |
| Size | 1/2 inch to 1 inch |
| Legs | Long and strong |
| Antennae | Elongated and prominent |
| Mandibles | Well-developed and powerful |
| Distinguishing | Enlarged, flattened head; tooth-like projections on thorax |
Overall, remember to look for the specific coloration, size, anatomy, and distinguishing features when identifying Big Headed Ground Beetles.
Habitat and Distribution
Natural Habitats
Big Headed Ground Beetles can be found in various natural habitats. They thrive in environments such as:
- Soil: These beetles live and lay their eggs in the soil, especially in organic-rich or damp areas1.
- Forests: They can be found under logs, rocks, or leaf litter in wooded areas2.
- Fields: Big Headed Ground Beetles can also be found in grassy fields and meadows, where they hunt for prey3.
North America Geographic Range
In North America, Big Headed Ground Beetles are widely distributed across various regions. They can be spotted in:
- Grasslands: These beetles are common in prairie ecosystems, especially in the Midwestern United States4.
- Gardens: They may be observed in gardens, helping to keep the population of other garden pests in check5.
- Shorelines: Some species inhabit coastal areas, where they live in sand dunes and along the shoreline6.
| Habitat | Examples |
|---|---|
| Soil | Organic-rich or damp areas, forest floors |
| Forests | Under logs, rocks, or leaf litter |
| Fields | Grassy meadows, farmland |
| Grasslands | Prairie ecosystems in the Midwest |
| Gardens | Residential or urban gardens |
| Shorelines | Coastal areas, sand dunes |
Behavior and Habits
Nocturnal Activities
Big Headed Ground Beetles are primarily nocturnal creatures. They are most active at night, searching for prey like insects and other small invertebrates. During nighttime hunts, they rely on their keen senses to locate and devour their prey.
Hiding and Shelter
During the day, these beetles prefer to hide in various shelters. They can often be found under rocks, logs, and leaf litter to avoid predators and sunlight. These shelters provide sufficient cover and a cool environment for them to rest.
Seasonal Patterns
Big Headed Ground Beetles have different habits depending on the season:
- Spring: With increased insect activity, the beetles are often more active and frequently hunt for prey.
- Summer: They may become less active due to hot temperatures; however, they still continue their nocturnal foraging.
- Fall: As the temperatures drop, they prepare for the coming winter by seeking out well-protected hiding spots.
Some examples of their behavior and habits include:
- Ambushing prey at night near their hiding spots
- Quickly darting under cover when disturbed in daylight
- Communicating with each other using unique body movements
Comparison Table
| Attribute | Big Headed Ground Beetle | Other Ground Beetles |
|---|---|---|
| Nocturnal | Yes | Most, but not all |
| Activity Periods | Spring, Summer, Fall | Spring, Summer, Fall |
| Shelter Preferences | Rocks, logs, leaf litter | Varies, but similar |
| Main Prey | Insects and invertebrates | Insects and invertebrates |
To summarize the section, Big Headed Ground Beetles exhibit nocturnal behavior, prefer hiding during the day, and demonstrate seasonal activity patterns with a preference for spring, summer, and fall.
Life Cycle and Reproduction
Eggs and Larvae
The life cycle of the Big Headed Ground Beetle begins with eggs. Female beetles lay their eggs in soil or among leaf litter. Some characteristics of beetle eggs include:
- Small size
- Oval or round shape
- White or light-colored
Upon hatching, the larval stage begins. Beetle larvae, also known as grubs, possess features like:
- Soft-bodied
- Cream-colored
- Segmented, elongated form
Pupa and Metamorphosis
After the larvae consume enough food and reach the appropriate size, they enter the pupa stage. During this stage, the larvae undergo metamorphosis, transforming into adult beetles. Here are some aspects of the pupa stage:
- Protective outer shell
- Inactive period for the beetle
- Lasts for several weeks
Adult Beetles
Once the metamorphosis is complete, the adult Big Headed Ground Beetle emerges from the pupal case. Key features of adult beetles include:
- Hard, protective exoskeleton
- Large head and strong mandibles
- Dark or iridescent coloration
Adult beetles are not only vital for reproduction but also act as natural predators, controlling insect pests.
Diet and Predatory Nature
Prey Preferences
Big-headed ground beetles are known for their opportunistic feeding habits. Some of the common prey they target include:
- Insects
- Slugs
- Aphids
- Snails
- Ants
- Worms
- Caterpillars
- Maggots
Occasionally, these beetles might consume seeds as part of their diet.
Feeding Habits
Big-headed ground beetles are mostly nocturnal predators. They actively hunt for their prey at night when the chances of detection are low. During the day, they hide under rocks, logs, or in the soil.
Their hunting strategy often involves ambushing or stalking their prey. They use their powerful mandibles to grasp and crush their prey.
Below is a comparison table of their prey preferences:
| Prey Type | Commonality | Vulnerability |
|---|---|---|
| Insects | Common | Tend to be easily caught by the beetle |
| Slugs | Uncommon | Could be difficult for the beetle to capture |
| Aphids | Common | Vulnerable due to their lack of significant defenses |
| Snails | Uncommon | Considered a challenging prey due to their shells |
| Ants | Common | Can be hunted despite their cooperative defenses |
| Worms | Common | Soft-bodied and easy to catch |
| Caterpillars | Common | Very susceptible to predation by the beetle |
| Maggots | Common | Usually an easy target for the beetle |
In conclusion, the big-headed ground beetle is a versatile predator that feeds on a variety of small invertebrates. Its nocturnal behavior, combined with effective hunting strategies, ensures its success in maintaining a diverse diet.
Benefits and Impact on Environment
Agriculture and Gardens
Big Headed Ground Beetles can be highly beneficial for agriculture and gardens. A few of their benefits include:
- Feeding on pests: These beetles help control harmful insects like wireworms and grubs.
- Reducing the need for pesticides: By serving as natural pest control, they decrease the need for chemical pesticides.
Natural Pest Control
Big Headed Ground Beetles are excellent natural pest control agents. Here are some examples of pests they target:
- Wireworms: The beetles feed on these pests, which can damage crops by feeding on grass and plant roots.
- Grubs: Grubs can be harmful to lawns and gardens. The beetles eat these pests, aiding in maintaining a healthy environment.
Comparison Table
| Benefits of Big Headed Ground Beetles | Drawbacks |
|---|---|
| Natural control of wireworms & grubs | May be sensitive to pesticides |
| Reducing the need for chemical pesticides | Limited impact on some pests |
| Safe for beneficial insects & humans | Potential seasonal restrictions |
By including Big Headed Ground Beetles in an integrated pest management strategy, both agriculture and gardens can experience significant benefits while minimizing chemical use and supporting a healthy ecosystem.
Interaction with Humans and Homes
Finding Ground Beetles in Buildings
Ground beetles, like the Pedunculate Ground Beetle, can be found in homes and buildings seeking shelter. They are typically identified by their mandibles and iridescent appearance. Often seen near:
- Basements
- Cracks in foundations
- Entry points
Harmful or Harmless?
Ground beetles are generally harmless to people, although some species, like Elistes, can pinch if provoked. However, they can be a nuisance and may damage:
- Clothing
- Debris
- Weeds
| Harmful | Harmless |
|---|---|
| Pinching | Iridescent appearance |
| Damage to clothing | Do not bite or sting |
| Nuisance indoors | Beneficial predators in gardens |
Preventive Measures
To prevent ground beetles and get rid of them in homes or buildings, follow these steps:
- Repair cracks in the foundation
- Seal entry points
- Use proper lighting to limit attraction
- Clear debris and mulch around buildings
- Regularly vacuum indoor areas
- Keep living spaces clean and clutter-free
Keeping ground beetles away from homes is not only necessary for peace of mind but also to maintain a clean and organized living environment. Stay vigilant and follow preventive measures to keep these critters outside where they belong, and not inside with you and your family.
Bug Control Recommendation Tool
Ground Beetle Species Diversity
Carabidae Family Overview
Ground beetles belong to the family Carabidae, one of the largest and most diverse beetle families. There are over 40,000 species of ground beetles worldwide, inhabiting various habitats such as forests, fields, and gardens.
Many ground beetles are known for their vibrant, iridescent colors, ranging from shimmering greens and blues to brilliant reds. They have a distinctive appearance, with a hardened outer wing cover (elytron) protecting the delicate inner wings. Some ground beetles are considered beneficial to gardeners and naturalists, as they help control pests by preying on insects such as aphids and slugs.
Notable Ground Beetle Species
- Pedunculate Ground Beetle: This beetle species is recognizable by its elongated body and fine puncture marks on its elytron. They prefer open, sandy spaces and can often be found near shrubs or other low-growing plants.
- Strawberry Seed Beetle: As its name suggests, this tiny beetle feeds on the seeds of strawberries and other plants. They are small enough to crawl into tight openings and are considered a pest in some agricultural settings due to their feeding habits.
Comparison of notable ground beetle species:
| Species | Appearance | Habitat | Diet |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pedunculate Ground Beetle | Elongated body, fine punctures on elytron | Open, sandy areas | Insects |
| Strawberry Seed Beetle | Small, dark-colored | Gardens, fields | Seeds of plants, especially strawberries |
In conclusion, the fascinating diversity of ground beetles in the Carabidae family holds great interest for both entomologists and naturalists alike, offering a glimpse into the complex world of these remarkable insects.
Footnotes
- https://extension.umn.edu/nuisance-insects/ground-beetles ↩
- https://hort.extension.wisc.edu/articles/ground-beetles/ ↩
- https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/green-june-beetle-1 ↩
- https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5186641.pdf ↩
- https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/HYG-2102-10 ↩
- https://extension.umn.edu/nuisance-insects/ground-beetles ↩
32 Comments. Leave new
Found one on my rug. Cute little guy. Kept trying to burrow into the rug. Didn’t bite!
We have those vile insects where we are in Southern WI too. Is there any way to prevent them from coming into the 1st floor apartments. We are on a floating slab foundation no basement.
This is a harmless, beneficial species. Try sealing the cracks in your foundation.
My 5yr old son keeps catching these nasty looking pinchy Beatles. He thinks they are neat. We live in western new York. I think they are the grossest looking things ever!
Melissa, please don’t discourage your son’s fascination with bugs and nature. I am 60 and still enjoy looking at the things found in nature. Who knows, he might become a biologist someday.
i have been looking at these beetles and finally (think) i have found the one that bit me in my armpit while sleeping. it bit into my lymph node glands and some nerves. for days my whole body was tingling, the kind of tingle that you get when you slam your elbow into something hard and hit that ‘funny bone.’
i was put on antibiotics and after 10 days, 6 of those on antibiotics, the tinglings are gone. but it still has a very deep ache & it was in my dominant hand which is very week in the hand . please comment. i thank you in advance. stephanie ryan (i am not a bug lover)
i have been looking at these beetles and finally (think) i have found the one that bit me in my armpit while sleeping. it bit into my lymph node glands and some nerves. for days my whole body was tingling, the kind of tingle that you get when you slam your elbow into something hard and hit that ‘funny bone.’
i was put on antibiotics and after 10 days, 6 of those on antibiotics, the tinglings are gone. but it still has a very deep ache & it was in my dominant hand which is very week in the hand . please comment. i thank you in advance. stephanie ryan (i am not a bug lover)
I was walking through St Albans in Melbourne today and have found a live one of these as well. I thought it as strange to find a scarite in such an industrial area with minimal hiding places and on the footpath. I have studied it’s behaviour and it seems to be very prone to convince it to play dead. When I first found it, it was highly aggresive and chased my foot repeatedly until I nudged it and it played dead. It looks identicle to your picture and I was wondering what I should do with it? I will feed it mealworms but how much should I feed? Should I give it to the Melbourne museum? Who should I give it to?
Cheers
Pat
Try contacting your museum to see if they are interested. We would support releasing it in a favorable habitat.
I was walking through St Albans in Melbourne today and have found a live one of these as well. I thought it as strange to find a scarite in such an industrial area with minimal hiding places and on the footpath. I have studied it’s behaviour and it seems to be very prone to convince it to play dead. When I first found it, it was highly aggresive and chased my foot repeatedly until I nudged it and it played dead. It looks identicle to your picture and I was wondering what I should do with it? I will feed it mealworms but how much should I feed? Should I give it to the Melbourne museum? Who should I give it to?
Cheers
Pat
I found one of these in Dewitt, Iowa
My daughter found one calling on her face while she was napping! Then it pinched her on her finger. We tried to kill it and we had to cut the head off. It has a pretty tough she’ll!
We live in Central Oregon.
My daughter found one calling on her face while she was napping! Then it pinched her on her finger. We tried to kill it and we had to cut the head off. It has a pretty tough she’ll!
We live in Central Oregon.
I found 2 in my basement apartment about less than 2″ long, I fed it to my leopard gecko.
Just found one. If they have pinchers that means they pinch? Thank god i saved my cat…how r they beneficial? Looks more like something to be concerned about to me. ..
They are tough as heck. I found one alive in the washing machine. He survived the whole wash cycle with HOT water mind you.
Diatomaceous earth. This stuff works really well
I just found one walking around my bassement, beastly looking bug. I live in Chicago so I’m thinkinh it’s cold outside it found its way inside. I put him back outside lol
I live in Chicago too, I found 3 in my apartment, fed them to my gecko
Found one here in aurora Nebraska in our science center
We found 2 in austintown ohio 1 in our backyard one in our kitchen they are ugly and we have 3 Chihuahuas we are protective of
They are not dangerous to your chihuahuas. Our editorial staff is from Youngstown and we still have relatives we visit in Austintown.
We just found one in our living room. We have never seen one in the 34 years we’ve lived here in Glassboro, NJ. I did get a box in the mail from Kentucky yesterday maybe he’s a traveler..I hope to never find another one.
I’m in Millville and my cat just brought one to me lol I guess we have them in south jersey
How ironic, I live in Glassboro and my Wife’s name is Kim.
I’m 60 and still bring bugs I find in to show the wife and the cats.
How ironic, I live in Glassboro and my Wife’s name is Kim.
I’m 60 and still bring bugs I find in to show the wife and the cats.
I’m in Milwaukee WI we were sitting in the basement and one came crawling up next to me. My cat ? wanted to play with it so bad. But then she eats them and don’t want her getting sick. Are they common first time I have seen one it’s about inch and half long.
They are not uncommon.
Just found one walking across my ground floor apartment Southern New Jersey. Took it out to the wooded area let it go
Hi, i found this very bug in my garden after having a delivery of soil, on the mo rnington peninsula.
They keep saying big headed ground beetles dont bite well heck i live in Arkansas over in Franklin county and i just got bit by one on my back twice and we dont even know where he came from. But he is a shiny greenish black and looks just like one. Cant find another bug like this been looking. But they do bite and it hurts and leaves a bump. Wish google had answers if its poisonous bite or what it will cause if bit.
I found this bug on my kitchen floor and it played dead so I wound leave it alone until I put a little water in the container I put it in and it became lively I am gonna put it outside .. I was curious because I haven’t seen one before