Do Boxelder Bugs Bite? Separating Fact from Fiction

Boxelder bugs are a common sight in areas where boxelder trees are found, often taking up residence in homes and buildings.

While their appearance may be cause for concern to some, rest assured that these bugs are actually quite harmless.

Unlike other insects such as mosquitoes or ticks, boxelder bugs do not bite humans or animals.

They are part of the Rhopalidae family, closely related to scentless plant bugs, stink bugs, and cicadas, which possess piercing and sucking mouthparts.

Instead of feeding on blood, boxelder bugs use their mouths to feed on boxelder tree seeds and leaves.

Their presence can be a nuisance due to large infestations and the odor released when crushed; however, they do not pose a threat to human health or safety.

So, the next time you encounter a boxelder bug, there’s no need to worry – they won’t bite!

Boxelder Bugs: An Overview

Boxelder bugs, scientifically known as Boisea trivittata (and closely related to Boisea rubrolineata), are a species of true bugs belonging to the Rhopalidae family.

Found in North America, these insects are notable for their distinct black coloring and red markings.

Unlike some other pests, boxelder bugs are generally considered nuisance pests around homes with nearby plantings of boxelder trees.

Although they don’t typically cause significant damage to plants or homes, their feces can stain light-colored surfaces.

Key Characteristics

• Dark gray to black, with red stripes
• Oval shape
• Three red stripes on the thorax
• Red eyes
• Length: about ½ inch
• Wings outlined in red
• Belongs to the same family as stink bugs and cicadas

Boxelder bugs have piercing and sucking mouthparts. They don’t sting or transmit diseases, and they rarely bite, except for defensive purposes.

These insects display several developmental stages throughout the summer, with nymphs being conspicuously bright red.

Do Boxelder Bugs Bite?

Boxelder bugs (Boisea trivittata) are commonly found on boxelder trees and are generally considered nuisance pests.

While they possess mouthparts called proboscis for piercing and sucking, their primary purpose is to feed on plant matter rather than biting humans or animals.

Although boxelder bugs are mostly harmless, there have been rare reports of defensive biting in response to threats.

Unlike a mosquito bite, which can cause irritation or transmit diseases, a boxelder bug bite is not known to cause any significant harm or carry diseases.

Their main defense mechanism includes producing a foul-smelling and distasteful liquid to deter predators, rather than biting or stinging like some other insects.

They are not considered poisonous, and the risk of experiencing vomiting or serious irritation from a boxelder bug bite is extremely low.

In conclusion, boxelder bugs are not known for biting humans or animals, and any potential bite would be very rare and mild compared to other insects like mosquitoes.

Here’s a brief comparison table of Boxelder Bug vs. Mosquito bites:

To summarize:

• Boxelder bugs are harmless and unusual biters
• Mouthparts are designed for plant feeding, not people or animals
• Biting is not their primary defense mechanism

Boxelder Bugs’ Habitat and Host Trees

Boxelder bugs are a type of insect found primarily in North America.

Their habitat mainly consists of areas with boxelder trees, with seeds being their primary food source.

They can also live in other trees, such as(maple, ash, and fruit trees like apple and pear) which are often found nearby boxelder trees.

Boxelder bugs prefer sunny locations. They tend to congregate on:

• Rocks
• Buildings
• Tree trunks
• Leaves

These insects have six legs and two antennae that help them explore their surroundings.

There are several types of trees that serve as host trees for boxelder bugs. Some common species include:

• Boxelder (Acer negundo)
• Maple (Acer spp.)
• Ash (Fraxinus spp.)
• Plum (Prunus spp.)

In the fall, boxelder bugs not only feed on seeds but also tree sap, leaves, and fruits such as apples and pears.

They are an essential part of nature as pollinators for these trees, helping the plants produce seeds and fruits.

The location range is extensive, from Eastern Nevada to the Midwest and other parts of eastern North America.

Preventing and Managing Infestations

Boxelder bugs can become a nuisance pest during the colder months as they seek shelter indoors. Preventing and managing infestations involves simple, non-chemical methods.

Firstly, seal potential entry points:

• Caulk cracks in walls, windows, and vents.
• Install door sweeps on exterior doors.
• Repair window and door screens.

Maintaining cleanliness can also help:

• Vacuum frequently to remove live bugs.
• Clean up any feces, which can cause stains and smell.

Be observant for overwintering swarms and promptly address any sightings. In case of a severe infestation, consider using pesticides. However, be aware of their drawbacks:

• May harm non-target organisms, including natural predators.
• Overuse can lead to pesticide resistance in bug populations.

Introduce natural predators like beetles to control boxelder bugs outdoors.

Keep in mind that while boxelder bugs may cause slight irritation, they are not a true bug and do not bite.

Myths and Misconceptions about Boxelder Bugs

1. Myth: Boxelder bugs are harmful pests that destroy plants.

Fact: While boxelder bugs feed on the seeds and leaves of boxelder trees, they generally do not cause significant damage to these trees or other plants. They are more of a nuisance pest than a destructive one.

2. Myth: Boxelder bugs bite humans frequently.

Fact: Boxelder bugs are not known for biting humans. While they have mouthparts that can pierce, they typically use them to feed on plant matter. Rare instances of defensive biting have been reported, but they are not common.

3. Myth: Boxelder bugs transmit diseases to humans.

Fact: There is no evidence to suggest that boxelder bugs transmit diseases to humans. They are not vectors for any known pathogens.

4. Myth: Boxelder bugs are the same as stink bugs.

Fact: While both boxelder bugs and stink bugs belong to the order Hemiptera and can release unpleasant odors when threatened or crushed, they are different species with distinct behaviors and appearances.

5. Myth: Boxelder bugs infest homes year-round.

Fact: Boxelder bugs typically seek shelter indoors during the colder months to overwinter. They are not usually active inside homes during the warmer months.

6. Myth: All boxelder bugs are the same.

Fact: There are different species of boxelder bugs, with the Eastern Boxelder Bug (Boisea trivittata) and the Western Boxelder Bug (Boisea rubrolineata) being the most common.

7. Myth: Boxelder bugs are only found near boxelder trees.

Fact: While boxelder bugs are commonly associated with boxelder trees, they can also be found near other trees like maple and ash.

8. Myth: Pesticides are the only way to control boxelder bug infestations.

Fact: While pesticides can be effective, there are several non-chemical methods to manage and prevent boxelder bug infestations, such as sealing entry points, vacuuming, and maintaining cleanliness.

Conclusion

Boxelder bugs, commonly found in proximity to boxelder trees, are often mistaken for pests due to their tendency to invade homes in search of warmth.

However, these insects are largely harmless, posing no threat to human health or property. Unlike some other insects, they do not bite humans or animals.

Their primary diet consists of boxelder tree seeds and leaves. While they can become a nuisance, especially when they gather in large numbers, understanding their habits and characteristics can help in managing and preventing infestations.

It’s essential to differentiate boxelder bugs from other similar-looking pests, as the approach to control and potential risks may vary.