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Large Spotted Acrea Caterpillars bothered by Tachinid Fly

Location: Kinshasa, Congo
January 2, 2012
Keith,
Thanks for the additional information on the caterpillars.  We went back yesterday to the same location where we found the Acraea zetes menippe and saw a whole lot more caterpillars.  There were quite a few climbing up a certain plant and regrouping in clumps of 5-10 individuals. We photographed a group on one of the leaves they were eating and filmed some interesting behavior.   Where the caterpillars were in a group, they seemed to react to flies.  As flies approached, they all started flailing their heads in the air.  We tried to reproduce the behavior by tapping on the leaf and blowing on the caterpillars but they only seemed to have that reaction to approaching flies.  The video can be viewed here:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/globalvoyager/6622065289/in/photostream
A few pictures of the group on the leaf they were feeding on and one of a solitary caterpillar found nearby also attached.
Thanks again
Katy and her Dad

January 4, 2012
Keith and Daniel,
We hope you had a great New Year celebration.  We are intrigued to get your opinion on the behavior witnessed by a group of Acraea zetes caterpillars that we saw a few days ago.  We sent an email will additional photos of the caterpillars on one of their food source leaves but the internet connection has been very problematic.  Please confirm receipt or we can send again, one image at a time.   The video can be viewed here:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/globalvoyager/6622065289/in/photostream/
Thanks
Katy and Nick

acraea tachinid congo katy 300x218 Large Spotted Acrea Caterpillars bothered by Tachinid Fly

Acraea Caterpillars and Tachinid Fly

Keith Wolfe responds
Katy, Dad, and Daniel,
Let’s pretend for a minute that these seven caterpillars are the five of us (mustn’t forget Mom) and two friends having a picnic, when suddenly a never-before-seen ginormous (relative to our size) fly starts buzzing around.  Bugman and I would probably be snapping photos and otherwise documenting the encounter for a scientific paper, but fast forward 1000 generations, when by now natural selection has honed our behavior to instinctively recognize these tachinid flies (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachinidae) as mortal enemies — parasitoids whose reproductive strategy is to lay eggs inside our soft, slow-moving bodies so that their ravenous offspring will survive at our expense.  With that in mind, we too would be wildly flailing our heads, arms, and bodies, along with regurgitating bitter intestinal juices as an added deterrent.
Blue skies,
Keith

Thanks Keith,
That is great information and it explains why the caterpillars were not phased by tapping on the leaf or blowing on them but when they heard the flies nearby, they went into hyperdrive with the flailing.
Thanks again!

January 12, 2012
Dear Katy, her Dad and Keith,
Thanks so much for supplying additional photographs and a wonderful explanation of the parasitic habits of the Tachinid Flies with regards to Caterpillars.  We have been on holiday for the past week and just returned, which we hope explains our lack of input in this posting.

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What's That Bug? does not endorse extermination

Presumably a Tachinid Fly from the Canary Islands

Fly
Location: Tenerife, Costa Adeje
November 26, 2011 11:52 am
Photographed this fly earlier this year but cant identify it at all.
Shot taken in San Eugenio Alto close to a Banana Plantation.
Signature: Dave Wilson

tachinid canary islands dave 297x300 Presumably a Tachinid Fly from the Canary Islands

Tachinid Fly, we believe

Hi Dave,
We needed to do a web search to determine that your location is in the Canary Islands off the west coast of Africa.  We are relatively certain your fly is a Tachinid Fly, a member of a large family with members that parasitize insects and other arthropods.  Different species of Tachinid Flies are often very host specific, concentrating on a single species or genus as their host.  The female Tachinid Fly lays eggs on or inside the host and the larval flies develop as internal parasites, eventually killing the host.  Tachinid Flies are important biological control agents. 

Spiny Tachinid Fly

Tachinid Fly?
October 9, 2011
in paso robles yesterday, this very bristly, large beastie flew away from its mates on the coyote bush into the house. he was fearsome-looking, but didn’t mind being caught in a jar and released icon smile Spiny Tachinid Fly
this guy had definite orange spots. i looked him up in the book i have in paso robles, but forget its name  – the fly and the book…
clare.

spiny tachinid clare 297x300 Spiny Tachinid Fly

Spiny Tachinid Fly

Ed. Note:  This came to Daniel’s personal email address from a close friend.  Here is some of the email chatter.

Julian Donahue provides some input
Tachinid, all right. Perhaps one of the ones that parasitizes the wild silk moths, like Hyalophora euryalus (that’s the name of the moth, not the fly). There are also some big ones that parasitize earthworms.
jpd

he looked big enough to parasitise anything his little heart desires!
i have only ever seen them in the fall… could that be?

http://bugguide.net/node/view/449075/bgimage

ooh – yes, that’s him (her?).
Tachinid Fly – Paradejeania rutilioides
they were all over the baccharis.
it’s a lovely camera. but, the beast was inside the house and i was outside the window shooting thru not exactly recently-cleaned glass. further, the beast was high on the rolled up blind – and i was on my tiptoes – wobbling

BugGuide reports them in California from August through December.  BugGuide also notes:  “Adults take nectar, especially from late blooming Asteraceae.  Larval host: the arctiid moth Hemihyalea edwardsii, at least in part of its range (Hsu & Powell 1992).”  Surprised Julian didn’t know that Arctiid host tidbit.

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What's That Bug? does not endorse extermination

Argentine Tachinid Fly introduced to Australia as biological control agent

Biological Controller
Location: Queensland, Australia
September 30, 2011 11:23 pm
Hi guys,
Thought you might like these shots of Trichopoda giacomellii, introduced into Australia from South Africa as a biological control agent for Green Stink (Potato) Bugs. Sure are pretty for assassins.
Signature: aussietrev

trichopoda giacomellii australia trevor 2 300x239 Argentine Tachinid Fly introduced to Australia as biological control agent

Introduced Tachinid Fly

Hi Trevor,
Thanks so much for thinking of us when you have another gorgeous image of some Australian bug that is underrepresented on our site.  Armed with the information you provided, we tried to find additional information on this Tachinid Fly, and we learned that it is originally from Argentina, not South Africa.  You can verify that both on this PDF courtesy of the CSIRO Division of Entomology and the CSIRO website.  According to the Queensland Government Primary Industries and Fisherieswebsite, this Tachinid is commonly called the Green Vegetable Bug Parasitic Fly.

trichopoda giacomellii australia trevor 300x208 Argentine Tachinid Fly introduced to Australia as biological control agent

Green Vegetable Bug Parasitic Fly

 

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Tachinid Fly

Hairy Fly
Location: Asheville, NC
September 8, 2011 8:22 pm
I saw this hairy fly in Asheville, NC last August. The fly has an orange abdomen with black stripes and large stiff-looking black hairs. It is about an inch long. I would love to know what it is!
Thank you for your help.
Signature: Kelly

tachinid fly kelly 300x225 Tachinid Fly

Tachinid Fly

Hi Kelly,
This fly is a member of the family Tachinidae, and they are commonly called Tachinid Flies, a name that is basically just a reference to the family.  We haven’t the necessary skills to identify the species.  Here is what BugGuide has to say about this large family of parasitoids:  “Larval stages are parasitoids of other arthropods; hosts include members of 11 insect orders, centipedes, spiders, and scorpions. Some tachinids are very host-specific, others parasitize a wide variety of hosts. The most common hosts are caterpillars. Most tachinids deposit their eggs directly on the body of their host, and it is not uncommon to see caterpillars with several tachinid eggs on them. Upon hatching the larva usually burrows into its host and feeds internally. Full-grown larva leaves the host and pupates nearby. Some tachinids lay their eggs on foliage; the larvae are flattened and are called planidia; they remain on the foliage until they find a suitable host.” 

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Flower Power: Moths and Flies Attracted to Snowball Viburnum

Snowball Viburnum Denizens
Location: Trumbull, CT
August 29, 2011 6:58 pm
I tried to look up both of these insects, but I only found one. The first is an ailanthus webworm moth, but I don’t know what the second one is. I occasionally find interesting insects on the snowball viburnum bush in my front yard.
Signature: Chuck

ailanthus webworm viburnum chuck 300x209 Flower Power:  Moths and Flies Attracted to Snowball Viburnum

Ailanthus Webworm Moth

Dear Chuck,
Congratulations on having successfully identified your Ailanthus Webworm Moth.  Folks of a certain age and those who think flower power was the apex of 20th Century style will likely respond to the repetitious patterns and play on scale evident in this lush photograph.  Your other insect is a Feather Legged Fly,
Trichopoda pennipes, a member of the Tachinid Fly family Tachinidae.  Tachinid Flies have larvae that are internal parasites of other insects, arachnids and certain members of other arthropod orders.  In the case of the Feather Legged Fly, the host insect is a Stink Bug.  Here is the BugGuide page on this species.

syrphid viburnum chuck 300x206 Flower Power:  Moths and Flies Attracted to Snowball Viburnum

Flower Fly on Snowball Viburnum

Tachinid Fly

Upstate New York
Location: New York
July 7, 2011 1:52 pm
I saw this bug in Upstate New York – I feel clueless as I bet it’s a very common insect I just don’t know.
Signature: Needing help from the Bugman

tachinid black 300x236 Tachinid Fly

Tachinid Fly

Dear Needing help …,
This is a Tachinid Fly, a member of the family Tachinidae.  Tachinid Flies are parasites on other insects and they are considered highly beneficial.  We believe with some certainty that your fly is
Belvosia borealis which we identified on BugGuide, however, the most distinguishing feature, the yellow markings on the abdomen, are not visible in your photograph because of the angle of view.

Bug of the Month June 2011: Tachinid Fly

Ed. Note:
May 29, 2011
Though this letter was submitted nearly a year ago, we discussed with Frederique Lavoipierre the possibility of making the Tachinid Fly the featured Bug of the Month for June 2011.

What is this bug?
Location:  Cloudcroft Observatory, New Mexico.
September 10, 2010 4:11 pm
Hello. I was curious about a bug I saw in the mountains at Cloudcroft, New Mexico. This bug was found at the Cloudcroft Observatory. It seemed a lot like a bee because it buzzed, but it looked totally different than one.
This bug was seen in August, 2010.
Thank you!
-Carly

tachinid new mexico 300x224 Bug of the Month June 2011:  Tachinid Fly

Tachinid Fly

Hi Carly,
The color palette of your photograph is so beautiful.  This is a Tachinid Fly, probably
Adejeania vexatrix based on images posted to BugGuide.  Adult Tachinid Flies take nectar from flowers, but immature larvae are endoparasites on a variety of insects and arthropods, often limiting themselves to a single species.

 

 

tachinid new mexico cu 300x211 Bug of the Month June 2011:  Tachinid Fly

Tachinid Fly

Bug of the Month
May 29, 2011
We are taking this opportunity to make our readership aware of the beneficial flies in the family Tachinidae by linking to the BugGuide information page on the family.  We are also providing a link to the Pacific Horticulture website and the online article on Tachinid Flies submitted by Frédérique Lavoipierre, Garden Ecologist. Here is an excerpt from that article: “Tachinids are the most diverse family of Diptera (true flies), and help control many pests; of the parasitic insects, only parasitoid wasps are of greater importance. All of the known species of tachinids are parasitoids: they deposit their eggs on or near host arthropods, and the larvae parasitize the host, in most cases resulting in the victim’s death. Parasitoids (as opposed to parasites) are free-living as adults; many of the common garden tachinids are flower visitors, feeding on nectar and pollen as adults. Tachinids parasitize a broad range of hosts from several orders of insects, among them Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Coleoptera (beetles, especially scarabs and leaf beetles), and Orthoptera (grasshoppers and crickets). In the Hymenoptera (wasps, bees, and ants), they specialize on sawflies, a common herbivorous pest. They are also known to attack a few other arthropods besides insects, particularly centipedes.”

Update: June 29, 2011
Hi Daniel,
Took me a bit longer than I thought to wrap up my thesis, and someone in the department just pointed out the tachinid ‘bug of the month’ to me yesterday. At any rate, it was very cool to see tachinids in a starring role!
F


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